Prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses, and evaluation of risk factors for transmission: Report of a population screening in Nigeria
Background. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV are common blood-borne infections unevenly distributed across regions in Nigeria. Few population-based prevalence studies have been done in Nigeria. Objective. To determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV and risk factors for i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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South African Medical Association
2017-04-01
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| Series: | South African Medical Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/11861/8020 |
| _version_ | 1797370132960378880 |
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| author | U C Okonkwo H Okpara A Otu S Ameh Y Ogarekpe H Osim M Inyama |
| author_facet | U C Okonkwo H Okpara A Otu S Ameh Y Ogarekpe H Osim M Inyama |
| author_sort | U C Okonkwo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV are common blood-borne infections unevenly distributed across regions in Nigeria. Few population-based prevalence studies have been done in Nigeria.
Objective. To determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV and risk factors for infection with these viruses in a Nigerian population.
Methods. Hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV and HIV were assayed in 1 498 healthy adult participants. A structured questionnaire was used to assess risk factors for viral acquisition. Bivariate analysis was used to compare differences in sociodemographic characteristics. Significant risk factors were identified by stepwise logistic regression. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results. The prevalences of HBV, HCV and HIV were 8.8%, 10.0% and 12.9%, respectively, with urban/rural disparity. HBV/HCV positivity was higher among males than females. The reverse was true for HIV. Age was significantly associated with being HBV-, HCV- or HIV-positive. Communal use of a toothbrush was significantly associated with HBV positivity in the final model (odds ratio 2.46, 95% confidence interval 1.45 - 4.18).
Conclusions. The prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infection is high in Nigeria, with urban/rural disparity. HCV may be more of a public health concern than HBV in some communities. Population-based studies are required to provide vital data to inform optimal national control strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:58:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2c508c0ab66a418394f8d031ceeaabd7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0256-9574 2078-5135 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:58:01Z |
| publishDate | 2017-04-01 |
| publisher | South African Medical Association |
| record_format | Article |
| series | South African Medical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c508c0ab66a418394f8d031ceeaabd72024-01-02T03:41:13ZengSouth African Medical AssociationSouth African Medical Journal0256-95742078-51352017-04-01107434635110.7196/SAMJ.2017.v107i4.12198Prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses, and evaluation of risk factors for transmission: Report of a population screening in NigeriaU C Okonkwo0H Okpara1A Otu2S Ameh3Y Ogarekpe4H Osim5M Inyama6Gastroenterology/Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Cross River State, NigeriaDepartment of Chemical Pathology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Cross River State, NigeriaInfectious Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Cross River State, NigeriaDepartment of Community Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Cross River State, NigeriaDepartment of Chemical Pathology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Cross River State, NigeriaGastroenterology/Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Cross River State, NigeriaDepartment of Haematology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Cross River State, NigeriaBackground. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV are common blood-borne infections unevenly distributed across regions in Nigeria. Few population-based prevalence studies have been done in Nigeria. Objective. To determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV and risk factors for infection with these viruses in a Nigerian population. Methods. Hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV and HIV were assayed in 1 498 healthy adult participants. A structured questionnaire was used to assess risk factors for viral acquisition. Bivariate analysis was used to compare differences in sociodemographic characteristics. Significant risk factors were identified by stepwise logistic regression. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results. The prevalences of HBV, HCV and HIV were 8.8%, 10.0% and 12.9%, respectively, with urban/rural disparity. HBV/HCV positivity was higher among males than females. The reverse was true for HIV. Age was significantly associated with being HBV-, HCV- or HIV-positive. Communal use of a toothbrush was significantly associated with HBV positivity in the final model (odds ratio 2.46, 95% confidence interval 1.45 - 4.18). Conclusions. The prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infection is high in Nigeria, with urban/rural disparity. HCV may be more of a public health concern than HBV in some communities. Population-based studies are required to provide vital data to inform optimal national control strategies.http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/11861/8020Public healthEpidemiologyHIVAdult populationNigeriaHepatitis |
| spellingShingle | U C Okonkwo H Okpara A Otu S Ameh Y Ogarekpe H Osim M Inyama Prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses, and evaluation of risk factors for transmission: Report of a population screening in Nigeria South African Medical Journal Public health Epidemiology HIV Adult population Nigeria Hepatitis |
| title | Prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses, and evaluation of risk factors for transmission: Report of a population screening in Nigeria |
| title_full | Prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses, and evaluation of risk factors for transmission: Report of a population screening in Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses, and evaluation of risk factors for transmission: Report of a population screening in Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses, and evaluation of risk factors for transmission: Report of a population screening in Nigeria |
| title_short | Prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses, and evaluation of risk factors for transmission: Report of a population screening in Nigeria |
| title_sort | prevalence of hepatitis b hepatitis c and human immunodeficiency viruses and evaluation of risk factors for transmission report of a population screening in nigeria |
| topic | Public health Epidemiology HIV Adult population Nigeria Hepatitis |
| url | http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/11861/8020 |
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