Olfactory loss is a predisposing factor for depression, while olfactory enrichment is an effective treatment for depression
The loss of olfactory stimulation correlates well with at least 68 widely differing neurological disorders, including depression, and we raise the possibility that this relationship may be causal. That is, it seems possible that olfactory loss makes the brain vulnerable to expressing the symptoms of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.1013363/full |
| _version_ | 1811206077030596608 |
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| author | Michael Leon Michael Leon Cynthia C. Woo |
| author_facet | Michael Leon Michael Leon Cynthia C. Woo |
| author_sort | Michael Leon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The loss of olfactory stimulation correlates well with at least 68 widely differing neurological disorders, including depression, and we raise the possibility that this relationship may be causal. That is, it seems possible that olfactory loss makes the brain vulnerable to expressing the symptoms of these neurological disorders, while daily olfactory enrichment may decrease the risk of expressing these symptoms. This situation resembles the cognitive reserve that is thought to protect people with Alzheimer’s neuropathology from expressing the functional deficit in memory through the cumulative effect of intellectual stimulation. These relationships also resemble the functional response of animal models of human neurological disorders to environmental enrichment, wherein the animals continue to have the induced neuropathology, but do not express the symptoms as they do in a standard environment with restricted sensorimotor stimulation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:41:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2c5c189b62c140d9b3611b4b9e364adf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:41:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c5c189b62c140d9b3611b4b9e364adf2022-12-22T03:49:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2022-09-011610.3389/fnins.2022.10133631013363Olfactory loss is a predisposing factor for depression, while olfactory enrichment is an effective treatment for depressionMichael Leon0Michael Leon1Cynthia C. Woo2Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United StatesCenter for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United StatesDepartment of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United StatesThe loss of olfactory stimulation correlates well with at least 68 widely differing neurological disorders, including depression, and we raise the possibility that this relationship may be causal. That is, it seems possible that olfactory loss makes the brain vulnerable to expressing the symptoms of these neurological disorders, while daily olfactory enrichment may decrease the risk of expressing these symptoms. This situation resembles the cognitive reserve that is thought to protect people with Alzheimer’s neuropathology from expressing the functional deficit in memory through the cumulative effect of intellectual stimulation. These relationships also resemble the functional response of animal models of human neurological disorders to environmental enrichment, wherein the animals continue to have the induced neuropathology, but do not express the symptoms as they do in a standard environment with restricted sensorimotor stimulation.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.1013363/fullolfactiondepressionbrain reserveneurological disordersbrain stimulation |
| spellingShingle | Michael Leon Michael Leon Cynthia C. Woo Olfactory loss is a predisposing factor for depression, while olfactory enrichment is an effective treatment for depression Frontiers in Neuroscience olfaction depression brain reserve neurological disorders brain stimulation |
| title | Olfactory loss is a predisposing factor for depression, while olfactory enrichment is an effective treatment for depression |
| title_full | Olfactory loss is a predisposing factor for depression, while olfactory enrichment is an effective treatment for depression |
| title_fullStr | Olfactory loss is a predisposing factor for depression, while olfactory enrichment is an effective treatment for depression |
| title_full_unstemmed | Olfactory loss is a predisposing factor for depression, while olfactory enrichment is an effective treatment for depression |
| title_short | Olfactory loss is a predisposing factor for depression, while olfactory enrichment is an effective treatment for depression |
| title_sort | olfactory loss is a predisposing factor for depression while olfactory enrichment is an effective treatment for depression |
| topic | olfaction depression brain reserve neurological disorders brain stimulation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.1013363/full |
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