Layer-by-Layer Pirfenidone/Cerium Oxide Nanocapsule Dressing Promotes Wound Repair and Prevents Scar Formation
An increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and high expression levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in wound tissue are two major problems for wound repair and scar inhibition. Modulation of the wound microenvironment is considered to be able to overcome these issues. Two p...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/6/1830 |
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| author | Junwei He Xinxian Meng Chen Meng Jiayu Zhao Yunsheng Chen Zheng Zhang Yixin Zhang |
| author_facet | Junwei He Xinxian Meng Chen Meng Jiayu Zhao Yunsheng Chen Zheng Zhang Yixin Zhang |
| author_sort | Junwei He |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and high expression levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in wound tissue are two major problems for wound repair and scar inhibition. Modulation of the wound microenvironment is considered to be able to overcome these issues. Two possible solutions include the use of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO<sub>2</sub>) as an enzyme-like ROS scavenger and pirfenidone (PFD) as an anti-fibrotic drug to inhibit the expression of TGF-β. However, CeO<sub>2</sub> is easily adsorbed by biological macromolecules and loses its enzyme-like activity. Furthermore, the intracellular delivery of PFD is difficult. Herein, the layer-by-layer method was used to prepare nanocapsules (NCs) with a sophisticated structure featuring PFD at their core and CeO<sub>2</sub> in their shell; these NCs were referred to as PFD/CeO<sub>2</sub> NCs. PFD/CeO<sub>2</sub> NCs were supposed to efficiently achieve intracellular delivery of PFD and successfully scavenged ROS from the microenvironment. Cellular experiments verified that PFD/CeO<sub>2</sub> NCs had good biocompatibility, satisfactory cellular uptake, and favorable ROS-scavenging capacity. To be applied directly to the wound, PFD/CeO<sub>2</sub> NCs were then adhered to plasma-etched polylactic acid (PLA) fiber membranes to prepare a new wound dressing. Animal experiments further demonstrated that the dressing accelerated the epithelialization of the wound, reduced the levels of ROS and TGF-β, improved the arrangement and proportion of collagen fibers, and finally, achieved satisfactory wound-repairing and anti-scarring effects. These results provide a new concept for promoting wound repair and preventing scar formation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:10:21Z |
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| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:10:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c5e7b6735474d479be855d506133cea2023-11-30T21:41:51ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-03-01276183010.3390/molecules27061830Layer-by-Layer Pirfenidone/Cerium Oxide Nanocapsule Dressing Promotes Wound Repair and Prevents Scar FormationJunwei He0Xinxian Meng1Chen Meng2Jiayu Zhao3Yunsheng Chen4Zheng Zhang5Yixin Zhang6Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Rd., Shanghai 200011, ChinaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Rd., Shanghai 200011, ChinaCollege of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, ChinaCollege of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, ChinaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Rd., Shanghai 200011, ChinaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Rd., Shanghai 200011, ChinaDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Rd., Shanghai 200011, ChinaAn increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and high expression levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in wound tissue are two major problems for wound repair and scar inhibition. Modulation of the wound microenvironment is considered to be able to overcome these issues. Two possible solutions include the use of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO<sub>2</sub>) as an enzyme-like ROS scavenger and pirfenidone (PFD) as an anti-fibrotic drug to inhibit the expression of TGF-β. However, CeO<sub>2</sub> is easily adsorbed by biological macromolecules and loses its enzyme-like activity. Furthermore, the intracellular delivery of PFD is difficult. Herein, the layer-by-layer method was used to prepare nanocapsules (NCs) with a sophisticated structure featuring PFD at their core and CeO<sub>2</sub> in their shell; these NCs were referred to as PFD/CeO<sub>2</sub> NCs. PFD/CeO<sub>2</sub> NCs were supposed to efficiently achieve intracellular delivery of PFD and successfully scavenged ROS from the microenvironment. Cellular experiments verified that PFD/CeO<sub>2</sub> NCs had good biocompatibility, satisfactory cellular uptake, and favorable ROS-scavenging capacity. To be applied directly to the wound, PFD/CeO<sub>2</sub> NCs were then adhered to plasma-etched polylactic acid (PLA) fiber membranes to prepare a new wound dressing. Animal experiments further demonstrated that the dressing accelerated the epithelialization of the wound, reduced the levels of ROS and TGF-β, improved the arrangement and proportion of collagen fibers, and finally, achieved satisfactory wound-repairing and anti-scarring effects. These results provide a new concept for promoting wound repair and preventing scar formation.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/6/1830wound repairscar preventioncerium oxide nanoparticlespirfenidonenanocapsulesdressing |
| spellingShingle | Junwei He Xinxian Meng Chen Meng Jiayu Zhao Yunsheng Chen Zheng Zhang Yixin Zhang Layer-by-Layer Pirfenidone/Cerium Oxide Nanocapsule Dressing Promotes Wound Repair and Prevents Scar Formation Molecules wound repair scar prevention cerium oxide nanoparticles pirfenidone nanocapsules dressing |
| title | Layer-by-Layer Pirfenidone/Cerium Oxide Nanocapsule Dressing Promotes Wound Repair and Prevents Scar Formation |
| title_full | Layer-by-Layer Pirfenidone/Cerium Oxide Nanocapsule Dressing Promotes Wound Repair and Prevents Scar Formation |
| title_fullStr | Layer-by-Layer Pirfenidone/Cerium Oxide Nanocapsule Dressing Promotes Wound Repair and Prevents Scar Formation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Layer-by-Layer Pirfenidone/Cerium Oxide Nanocapsule Dressing Promotes Wound Repair and Prevents Scar Formation |
| title_short | Layer-by-Layer Pirfenidone/Cerium Oxide Nanocapsule Dressing Promotes Wound Repair and Prevents Scar Formation |
| title_sort | layer by layer pirfenidone cerium oxide nanocapsule dressing promotes wound repair and prevents scar formation |
| topic | wound repair scar prevention cerium oxide nanoparticles pirfenidone nanocapsules dressing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/6/1830 |
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