High expression of IL6 and decrease in immune cells in COVID-19 patients combined with myocardial injury
PurposeMyocardial injury, as a serious complication of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), increases the occurrence of adverse outcomes. Identification of key regulatory molecules of myocardial injury may help formulate corresponding treatment strategies and improve the prognosis of COVID-19 patien...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190644/full |
| _version_ | 1797772161231880192 |
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| author | Tingting Chen Haixin Chen Ping Chen Linchao Zhu Wei Mao Wei Mao Yimin Yao |
| author_facet | Tingting Chen Haixin Chen Ping Chen Linchao Zhu Wei Mao Wei Mao Yimin Yao |
| author_sort | Tingting Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | PurposeMyocardial injury, as a serious complication of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), increases the occurrence of adverse outcomes. Identification of key regulatory molecules of myocardial injury may help formulate corresponding treatment strategies and improve the prognosis of COVID-19 patients.MethodsGene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was conducted to identify co-regulatory pathways. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GSE150392 and GSE169241 were screened and an intersection analysis with key genes of the co-regulatory pathway was conducted. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to screen for key regulatory genes. Preliminarily screened genes were verified using other datasets to identify genes with consistent expression. Based on the hierarchical cluster, we divided the patients from GSE177477 into high- and low-risk groups and compared the proportion of immune cells. A total of 267 COVID-19 patients from the Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from December 26, 2022, to January 11, 2023, were enrolled to verify the bioinformatics results. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the risk factors for myocardial injury. According to high-sensitivity troponin (hsTnI) levels, patients with COVID-19 were divided into high- and low-sensitivity groups, and interleukin 6 (IL6) expression and lymphocyte subsets were compared. Patients were also divided into high and low groups according to the IL6 expression, and hsTnI levels were compared.ResultsInterleukin signaling pathway and GPCR ligand binding were shown to be co-regulatory pathways in myocardial injury associated with COVID-19. According to the hierarchical cluster analysis of seven genes (IL6, NFKBIA, CSF1, CXCL1, IL1R1, SOCS3, and CASP1), patients with myocardial injury could be distinguished from those without myocardial injury. Age, IL6 levels, and hospital stay may be factors influencing myocardial injury caused by COVID-19. Compared with COVID-19 patients without myocardial injury, the levels of IL6 in patients with myocardial injury increased, while the number of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells decreased (P<0.05). The hsTnI levels in COVID-19 patients with high IL6 levels were higher than those in patients with low IL6 (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe COVID-19 patients with myocardial injury had elevated IL6 expression and decreased lymphocyte counts. IL6 may participate in myocardial injury through the interleukin signaling pathway. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T21:48:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2c636e74431d4b3ea2d9f2d5f04081b1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T21:48:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c636e74431d4b3ea2d9f2d5f04081b12023-07-26T07:27:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-07-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.11906441190644High expression of IL6 and decrease in immune cells in COVID-19 patients combined with myocardial injuryTingting Chen0Haixin Chen1Ping Chen2Linchao Zhu3Wei Mao4Wei Mao5Yimin Yao6Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, ChinaThe First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, ChinaMedical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, ChinaMedical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital (Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Hangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, ChinaMedical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, ChinaPurposeMyocardial injury, as a serious complication of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), increases the occurrence of adverse outcomes. Identification of key regulatory molecules of myocardial injury may help formulate corresponding treatment strategies and improve the prognosis of COVID-19 patients.MethodsGene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was conducted to identify co-regulatory pathways. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GSE150392 and GSE169241 were screened and an intersection analysis with key genes of the co-regulatory pathway was conducted. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to screen for key regulatory genes. Preliminarily screened genes were verified using other datasets to identify genes with consistent expression. Based on the hierarchical cluster, we divided the patients from GSE177477 into high- and low-risk groups and compared the proportion of immune cells. A total of 267 COVID-19 patients from the Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from December 26, 2022, to January 11, 2023, were enrolled to verify the bioinformatics results. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the risk factors for myocardial injury. According to high-sensitivity troponin (hsTnI) levels, patients with COVID-19 were divided into high- and low-sensitivity groups, and interleukin 6 (IL6) expression and lymphocyte subsets were compared. Patients were also divided into high and low groups according to the IL6 expression, and hsTnI levels were compared.ResultsInterleukin signaling pathway and GPCR ligand binding were shown to be co-regulatory pathways in myocardial injury associated with COVID-19. According to the hierarchical cluster analysis of seven genes (IL6, NFKBIA, CSF1, CXCL1, IL1R1, SOCS3, and CASP1), patients with myocardial injury could be distinguished from those without myocardial injury. Age, IL6 levels, and hospital stay may be factors influencing myocardial injury caused by COVID-19. Compared with COVID-19 patients without myocardial injury, the levels of IL6 in patients with myocardial injury increased, while the number of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells decreased (P<0.05). The hsTnI levels in COVID-19 patients with high IL6 levels were higher than those in patients with low IL6 (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe COVID-19 patients with myocardial injury had elevated IL6 expression and decreased lymphocyte counts. IL6 may participate in myocardial injury through the interleukin signaling pathway.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190644/fullinterleukin signal pathwaylymphocyte subsetscoronavirus disease-2019myocardial injuryinterleukin 6high-sensitivity troponin |
| spellingShingle | Tingting Chen Haixin Chen Ping Chen Linchao Zhu Wei Mao Wei Mao Yimin Yao High expression of IL6 and decrease in immune cells in COVID-19 patients combined with myocardial injury Frontiers in Immunology interleukin signal pathway lymphocyte subsets coronavirus disease-2019 myocardial injury interleukin 6 high-sensitivity troponin |
| title | High expression of IL6 and decrease in immune cells in COVID-19 patients combined with myocardial injury |
| title_full | High expression of IL6 and decrease in immune cells in COVID-19 patients combined with myocardial injury |
| title_fullStr | High expression of IL6 and decrease in immune cells in COVID-19 patients combined with myocardial injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | High expression of IL6 and decrease in immune cells in COVID-19 patients combined with myocardial injury |
| title_short | High expression of IL6 and decrease in immune cells in COVID-19 patients combined with myocardial injury |
| title_sort | high expression of il6 and decrease in immune cells in covid 19 patients combined with myocardial injury |
| topic | interleukin signal pathway lymphocyte subsets coronavirus disease-2019 myocardial injury interleukin 6 high-sensitivity troponin |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190644/full |
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