Ammonia Gas Sensor Based on Graphene Oxide-Coated Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with Hybrid Fiber Structure
A graphene oxide-coated in-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) formed with a multimode fiber-thin core fiber-multimode fiber (MMF-TCF-MMF) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for ammonia gas (NH<sub>3</sub>) sensing. The MZI structure is composed of two segments of MMF of len...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/11/3886 |
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| author | Xiaofeng Fan Shuying Deng Zhongchao Wei Faqiang Wang Chunhua Tan Hongyun Meng |
| author_facet | Xiaofeng Fan Shuying Deng Zhongchao Wei Faqiang Wang Chunhua Tan Hongyun Meng |
| author_sort | Xiaofeng Fan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A graphene oxide-coated in-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) formed with a multimode fiber-thin core fiber-multimode fiber (MMF-TCF-MMF) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for ammonia gas (NH<sub>3</sub>) sensing. The MZI structure is composed of two segments of MMF of length 2 mm, with a flame-tapered TCF between them as the sensing arm. The MMFs act as mode couplers to split and recombine light owing to the core diameter mismatch with the other fibers. A tapered TCF is formed by the flame melting taper method, resulting in evanescent wave leakage. A layer of graphene oxide (GO) is applied to the tapered region of the TCF to achieve gas adsorption. The sensor operates on the principle of changing the effective refractive index of the cladding mode of a fiber through changing the conductivity of the GO coating by adsorbed NH<sub>3</sub> molecules, which gives rise to a phase shift and shows as the resonant dip shifts in the transmission spectrum. So the concentration of the ammonia gas can be obtained by measuring the dip shift. A wavelength-shift sensitivity of 4.97 pm/ppm with a linear fit coefficient of 98.9% is achieved for ammonia gas concentrations in the range of 0 to 151 ppm. In addition, we performed a repetitive dynamic response test on the sensor by charging/releasing NH<sub>3</sub> at concentration of 200 ppm and a relative humidity test in a relative humidity range of 35% to 70%, which demonstrates the reusability and stability of the sensor. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:42:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c6e12a593214cfebd21163cd1eea3112023-11-21T22:50:00ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-06-012111388610.3390/s21113886Ammonia Gas Sensor Based on Graphene Oxide-Coated Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with Hybrid Fiber StructureXiaofeng Fan0Shuying Deng1Zhongchao Wei2Faqiang Wang3Chunhua Tan4Hongyun Meng5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaA graphene oxide-coated in-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) formed with a multimode fiber-thin core fiber-multimode fiber (MMF-TCF-MMF) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for ammonia gas (NH<sub>3</sub>) sensing. The MZI structure is composed of two segments of MMF of length 2 mm, with a flame-tapered TCF between them as the sensing arm. The MMFs act as mode couplers to split and recombine light owing to the core diameter mismatch with the other fibers. A tapered TCF is formed by the flame melting taper method, resulting in evanescent wave leakage. A layer of graphene oxide (GO) is applied to the tapered region of the TCF to achieve gas adsorption. The sensor operates on the principle of changing the effective refractive index of the cladding mode of a fiber through changing the conductivity of the GO coating by adsorbed NH<sub>3</sub> molecules, which gives rise to a phase shift and shows as the resonant dip shifts in the transmission spectrum. So the concentration of the ammonia gas can be obtained by measuring the dip shift. A wavelength-shift sensitivity of 4.97 pm/ppm with a linear fit coefficient of 98.9% is achieved for ammonia gas concentrations in the range of 0 to 151 ppm. In addition, we performed a repetitive dynamic response test on the sensor by charging/releasing NH<sub>3</sub> at concentration of 200 ppm and a relative humidity test in a relative humidity range of 35% to 70%, which demonstrates the reusability and stability of the sensor.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/11/3886fiber sensorgraphene oxideMach-Zehnder interferometergas sensingammonia gas |
| spellingShingle | Xiaofeng Fan Shuying Deng Zhongchao Wei Faqiang Wang Chunhua Tan Hongyun Meng Ammonia Gas Sensor Based on Graphene Oxide-Coated Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with Hybrid Fiber Structure Sensors fiber sensor graphene oxide Mach-Zehnder interferometer gas sensing ammonia gas |
| title | Ammonia Gas Sensor Based on Graphene Oxide-Coated Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with Hybrid Fiber Structure |
| title_full | Ammonia Gas Sensor Based on Graphene Oxide-Coated Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with Hybrid Fiber Structure |
| title_fullStr | Ammonia Gas Sensor Based on Graphene Oxide-Coated Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with Hybrid Fiber Structure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ammonia Gas Sensor Based on Graphene Oxide-Coated Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with Hybrid Fiber Structure |
| title_short | Ammonia Gas Sensor Based on Graphene Oxide-Coated Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with Hybrid Fiber Structure |
| title_sort | ammonia gas sensor based on graphene oxide coated mach zehnder interferometer with hybrid fiber structure |
| topic | fiber sensor graphene oxide Mach-Zehnder interferometer gas sensing ammonia gas |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/11/3886 |
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