Fabrication and Characterization of Effective Biochar Biosorbent Derived from Agricultural Waste to Remove Cationic Dyes from Wastewater

The main aim of this work is to treat sugarcane bagasse agricultural waste and prepare an efficient, promising, and eco-friendly adsorbent material. Biochar is an example of such a material, and it is an extremely versatile and eco-friendly biosorbent to treat wastewater. Crystal violet (CV)-dye and...

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Main Authors: Asmaa Elsherbeny Moharm, Gamal A. El Naeem, Hesham M. A. Soliman, Ahmed I. Abd-Elhamid, Ali A. El-Bardan, Taher S. Kassem, AbdElAziz A. Nayl, Stefan Bräse
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-06-01
Series:Polymers
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/13/2587
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author Asmaa Elsherbeny Moharm
Gamal A. El Naeem
Hesham M. A. Soliman
Ahmed I. Abd-Elhamid
Ali A. El-Bardan
Taher S. Kassem
AbdElAziz A. Nayl
Stefan Bräse
author_facet Asmaa Elsherbeny Moharm
Gamal A. El Naeem
Hesham M. A. Soliman
Ahmed I. Abd-Elhamid
Ali A. El-Bardan
Taher S. Kassem
AbdElAziz A. Nayl
Stefan Bräse
author_sort Asmaa Elsherbeny Moharm
collection DOAJ
description The main aim of this work is to treat sugarcane bagasse agricultural waste and prepare an efficient, promising, and eco-friendly adsorbent material. Biochar is an example of such a material, and it is an extremely versatile and eco-friendly biosorbent to treat wastewater. Crystal violet (CV)-dye and methylene blue (MB)-dye species are examples of serious organic pollutants. Herein, biochar was prepared firstly from sugarcane bagasse (SCB), and then a biochar biosorbent was synthesized through pyrolysis and surface activation with NaOH. SEM, TEM, FTIR, Raman, surface area, XRD, and EDX were used to characterize the investigated materials. The reuse of such waste materials is considered eco-friendly in nature. After that, the adsorption of MB and CV-species from synthetically prepared wastewater using treated biochar was investigated under various conditions. To demonstrate the study’s effectiveness, it was attempted to achieve optimum effectiveness at an optimum level by working with time, adsorbent dose, dye concentration, NaCl, pH, and temperature. The number of adsorbed dyes reduced as the dye concentrations increased and marginally decreased with NaCl but increased with the adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature of the solution increased. Furthermore, it climbed for around 15 min before reaching equilibrium, indicating that all pores were almost full. Under the optimum condition, the removal perecentages of both MB and CV-dyes were ≥98%. The obtained equilibrium data was represented by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Additionally, the thermodynamic parameters were examined at various temperatures. The results illustrated that the Langmuir isotherm was utilized to explain the experimental adsorption processes with maximum adsorption capacities of MB and CV-dyes were 114.42 and 99.50 mgg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The kinetic data were estimated by pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order equations. The best correlation coefficients of the investigated adsorption processes were described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Finally, the data obtained were compared with some works published during the last four years.
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spelling doaj.art-2c6efd7ee51e4e74b3f347ceaaf7fac52023-12-01T21:39:19ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-06-011413258710.3390/polym14132587Fabrication and Characterization of Effective Biochar Biosorbent Derived from Agricultural Waste to Remove Cationic Dyes from WastewaterAsmaa Elsherbeny Moharm0Gamal A. El Naeem1Hesham M. A. Soliman2Ahmed I. Abd-Elhamid3Ali A. El-Bardan4Taher S. Kassem5AbdElAziz A. Nayl6Stefan Bräse7Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, EgyptAdvanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), P.O. Box 179, New Borg AlArab 21934, Alexandria, EgyptAdvanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), P.O. Box 179, New Borg AlArab 21934, Alexandria, EgyptAdvanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), P.O. Box 179, New Borg AlArab 21934, Alexandria, EgyptDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, EgyptDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, EgyptDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi ArabiaInstitute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76133 Karlsruhe, GermanyThe main aim of this work is to treat sugarcane bagasse agricultural waste and prepare an efficient, promising, and eco-friendly adsorbent material. Biochar is an example of such a material, and it is an extremely versatile and eco-friendly biosorbent to treat wastewater. Crystal violet (CV)-dye and methylene blue (MB)-dye species are examples of serious organic pollutants. Herein, biochar was prepared firstly from sugarcane bagasse (SCB), and then a biochar biosorbent was synthesized through pyrolysis and surface activation with NaOH. SEM, TEM, FTIR, Raman, surface area, XRD, and EDX were used to characterize the investigated materials. The reuse of such waste materials is considered eco-friendly in nature. After that, the adsorption of MB and CV-species from synthetically prepared wastewater using treated biochar was investigated under various conditions. To demonstrate the study’s effectiveness, it was attempted to achieve optimum effectiveness at an optimum level by working with time, adsorbent dose, dye concentration, NaCl, pH, and temperature. The number of adsorbed dyes reduced as the dye concentrations increased and marginally decreased with NaCl but increased with the adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature of the solution increased. Furthermore, it climbed for around 15 min before reaching equilibrium, indicating that all pores were almost full. Under the optimum condition, the removal perecentages of both MB and CV-dyes were ≥98%. The obtained equilibrium data was represented by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Additionally, the thermodynamic parameters were examined at various temperatures. The results illustrated that the Langmuir isotherm was utilized to explain the experimental adsorption processes with maximum adsorption capacities of MB and CV-dyes were 114.42 and 99.50 mgg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The kinetic data were estimated by pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order equations. The best correlation coefficients of the investigated adsorption processes were described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Finally, the data obtained were compared with some works published during the last four years.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/13/2587biocharagricultural wastecationic dyeswastewatersugarcane bagasse
spellingShingle Asmaa Elsherbeny Moharm
Gamal A. El Naeem
Hesham M. A. Soliman
Ahmed I. Abd-Elhamid
Ali A. El-Bardan
Taher S. Kassem
AbdElAziz A. Nayl
Stefan Bräse
Fabrication and Characterization of Effective Biochar Biosorbent Derived from Agricultural Waste to Remove Cationic Dyes from Wastewater
Polymers
biochar
agricultural waste
cationic dyes
wastewater
sugarcane bagasse
title Fabrication and Characterization of Effective Biochar Biosorbent Derived from Agricultural Waste to Remove Cationic Dyes from Wastewater
title_full Fabrication and Characterization of Effective Biochar Biosorbent Derived from Agricultural Waste to Remove Cationic Dyes from Wastewater
title_fullStr Fabrication and Characterization of Effective Biochar Biosorbent Derived from Agricultural Waste to Remove Cationic Dyes from Wastewater
title_full_unstemmed Fabrication and Characterization of Effective Biochar Biosorbent Derived from Agricultural Waste to Remove Cationic Dyes from Wastewater
title_short Fabrication and Characterization of Effective Biochar Biosorbent Derived from Agricultural Waste to Remove Cationic Dyes from Wastewater
title_sort fabrication and characterization of effective biochar biosorbent derived from agricultural waste to remove cationic dyes from wastewater
topic biochar
agricultural waste
cationic dyes
wastewater
sugarcane bagasse
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/13/2587
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