Injury-Induced Innate Immune Response During Segment Regeneration of the Earthworm, <i>Eisenia andrei</i>
Regeneration of body parts and their interaction with the immune response is a poorly understood aspect of earthworm biology. Consequently, we aimed to study the mechanisms of innate immunity during regeneration in <i>Eisenia andrei</i> earthworms. In the course of anterior and posterior...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2363 |
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| author | Kornélia Bodó Zoltán Kellermayer Zoltán László Ákos Boros Bohdana Kokhanyuk Péter Németh Péter Engelmann |
| author_facet | Kornélia Bodó Zoltán Kellermayer Zoltán László Ákos Boros Bohdana Kokhanyuk Péter Németh Péter Engelmann |
| author_sort | Kornélia Bodó |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Regeneration of body parts and their interaction with the immune response is a poorly understood aspect of earthworm biology. Consequently, we aimed to study the mechanisms of innate immunity during regeneration in <i>Eisenia andrei</i> earthworms. In the course of anterior and posterior regeneration, we documented the kinetical aspects of segment restoration by histochemistry. Cell proliferation peaked at two weeks and remitted by four weeks in regenerating earthworms. Apoptotic cells were present throughout the cell renewal period. Distinct immune cell (e.g., coelomocyte) subsets were accumulated in the newly-formed blastema in the close proximity of the apoptotic area. Regenerating earthworms have decreased pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (e.g., <i>TLR, </i>except for <i>scavenger receptor</i>) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) (e.g., <i>lysenin</i>) mRNA patterns compared to intact earthworms. In contrast, at the protein level, mirroring regulation of lysenins became evident. Experimental coelomocyte depletion caused significantly impaired cell divisions and blastema formation during anterior and posterior regeneration. These obtained novel data allow us to gain insight into the intricate interactions of regeneration and invertebrate innate immunity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:28:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2c70b8295e784edf926de07d8513d725 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:28:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c70b8295e784edf926de07d8513d7252023-12-11T18:40:19ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-02-01225236310.3390/ijms22052363Injury-Induced Innate Immune Response During Segment Regeneration of the Earthworm, <i>Eisenia andrei</i>Kornélia Bodó0Zoltán Kellermayer1Zoltán László2Ákos Boros3Bohdana Kokhanyuk4Péter Németh5Péter Engelmann6Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u, 12, 7643 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u, 12, 7643 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7643 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7643 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u, 12, 7643 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u, 12, 7643 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u, 12, 7643 Pécs, HungaryRegeneration of body parts and their interaction with the immune response is a poorly understood aspect of earthworm biology. Consequently, we aimed to study the mechanisms of innate immunity during regeneration in <i>Eisenia andrei</i> earthworms. In the course of anterior and posterior regeneration, we documented the kinetical aspects of segment restoration by histochemistry. Cell proliferation peaked at two weeks and remitted by four weeks in regenerating earthworms. Apoptotic cells were present throughout the cell renewal period. Distinct immune cell (e.g., coelomocyte) subsets were accumulated in the newly-formed blastema in the close proximity of the apoptotic area. Regenerating earthworms have decreased pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (e.g., <i>TLR, </i>except for <i>scavenger receptor</i>) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) (e.g., <i>lysenin</i>) mRNA patterns compared to intact earthworms. In contrast, at the protein level, mirroring regulation of lysenins became evident. Experimental coelomocyte depletion caused significantly impaired cell divisions and blastema formation during anterior and posterior regeneration. These obtained novel data allow us to gain insight into the intricate interactions of regeneration and invertebrate innate immunity.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2363earthwormregenerationinnate immunitycoelomocytescell proliferationapoptosis |
| spellingShingle | Kornélia Bodó Zoltán Kellermayer Zoltán László Ákos Boros Bohdana Kokhanyuk Péter Németh Péter Engelmann Injury-Induced Innate Immune Response During Segment Regeneration of the Earthworm, <i>Eisenia andrei</i> International Journal of Molecular Sciences earthworm regeneration innate immunity coelomocytes cell proliferation apoptosis |
| title | Injury-Induced Innate Immune Response During Segment Regeneration of the Earthworm, <i>Eisenia andrei</i> |
| title_full | Injury-Induced Innate Immune Response During Segment Regeneration of the Earthworm, <i>Eisenia andrei</i> |
| title_fullStr | Injury-Induced Innate Immune Response During Segment Regeneration of the Earthworm, <i>Eisenia andrei</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Injury-Induced Innate Immune Response During Segment Regeneration of the Earthworm, <i>Eisenia andrei</i> |
| title_short | Injury-Induced Innate Immune Response During Segment Regeneration of the Earthworm, <i>Eisenia andrei</i> |
| title_sort | injury induced innate immune response during segment regeneration of the earthworm i eisenia andrei i |
| topic | earthworm regeneration innate immunity coelomocytes cell proliferation apoptosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2363 |
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