The Influence of Daily Temperature Fluctuation on the Efficacy of Bioinsecticides on Spotted Wing Drosophila Larvae
Global climate change is allowing the invasion of insect pests into new areas without natural competitors and/or predators. The dipteran <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> has invaded both the Americas and Europe, becoming a serious problem for fruit crops. Control methods for this pest are still...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/1/43 |
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| author | Maristella Mastore Silvia Quadroni Alberto Rezzonico Maurizio Francesco Brivio |
| author_facet | Maristella Mastore Silvia Quadroni Alberto Rezzonico Maurizio Francesco Brivio |
| author_sort | Maristella Mastore |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Global climate change is allowing the invasion of insect pests into new areas without natural competitors and/or predators. The dipteran <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> has invaded both the Americas and Europe, becoming a serious problem for fruit crops. Control methods for this pest are still based on the use of pesticides, but less invasive and more sustainable methods, such as biocontrol, are needed. Variations in environmental conditions can affect the efficacy of bioinsecticides influencing their behavior and physiology besides that of the target insects. In this work, we developed a system that simulates the daily temperature fluctuations (DTFs) detected in the environment, with the aim of studying the influence of temperature on biocontrol processes. We investigated the effects of DTFs on the efficacy of four bioinsecticides. Results showed that DTFs modify the efficacy of some entomopathogens while they are ineffective on others. Specifically, the bacterium <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> is the most effective bioinsecticide under all conditions tested, i.e., low DTF (11–22 °C) and high DTF (17–33 °C) compared to constant temperature (25 °C). In contrast, nematodes are more sensitive to changes in temperature: <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i> loses efficacy at low DTF, while <i>Steinernema feltiae</i> and <i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i> are not effective in controlling the target dipteran. This work provides a basis for reviewing biological control methods against invasive species in the current context of climate change. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:14:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2c7eba62a5204daf8839fd373cc7993b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:14:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-2c7eba62a5204daf8839fd373cc7993b2023-11-30T22:48:10ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-12-011414310.3390/insects14010043The Influence of Daily Temperature Fluctuation on the Efficacy of Bioinsecticides on Spotted Wing Drosophila LarvaeMaristella Mastore0Silvia Quadroni1Alberto Rezzonico2Maurizio Francesco Brivio3Laboratory of Environmental Entomology and Parasitology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, ItalyLaboratory of Ecology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, ItalyLaboratory of Environmental Entomology and Parasitology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, ItalyLaboratory of Environmental Entomology and Parasitology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, ItalyGlobal climate change is allowing the invasion of insect pests into new areas without natural competitors and/or predators. The dipteran <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> has invaded both the Americas and Europe, becoming a serious problem for fruit crops. Control methods for this pest are still based on the use of pesticides, but less invasive and more sustainable methods, such as biocontrol, are needed. Variations in environmental conditions can affect the efficacy of bioinsecticides influencing their behavior and physiology besides that of the target insects. In this work, we developed a system that simulates the daily temperature fluctuations (DTFs) detected in the environment, with the aim of studying the influence of temperature on biocontrol processes. We investigated the effects of DTFs on the efficacy of four bioinsecticides. Results showed that DTFs modify the efficacy of some entomopathogens while they are ineffective on others. Specifically, the bacterium <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> is the most effective bioinsecticide under all conditions tested, i.e., low DTF (11–22 °C) and high DTF (17–33 °C) compared to constant temperature (25 °C). In contrast, nematodes are more sensitive to changes in temperature: <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i> loses efficacy at low DTF, while <i>Steinernema feltiae</i> and <i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i> are not effective in controlling the target dipteran. This work provides a basis for reviewing biological control methods against invasive species in the current context of climate change.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/1/43invasive speciesglobal warmingthermal stress<i>Drosophila suzukii</i>entomopathogenpest management |
| spellingShingle | Maristella Mastore Silvia Quadroni Alberto Rezzonico Maurizio Francesco Brivio The Influence of Daily Temperature Fluctuation on the Efficacy of Bioinsecticides on Spotted Wing Drosophila Larvae Insects invasive species global warming thermal stress <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> entomopathogen pest management |
| title | The Influence of Daily Temperature Fluctuation on the Efficacy of Bioinsecticides on Spotted Wing Drosophila Larvae |
| title_full | The Influence of Daily Temperature Fluctuation on the Efficacy of Bioinsecticides on Spotted Wing Drosophila Larvae |
| title_fullStr | The Influence of Daily Temperature Fluctuation on the Efficacy of Bioinsecticides on Spotted Wing Drosophila Larvae |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of Daily Temperature Fluctuation on the Efficacy of Bioinsecticides on Spotted Wing Drosophila Larvae |
| title_short | The Influence of Daily Temperature Fluctuation on the Efficacy of Bioinsecticides on Spotted Wing Drosophila Larvae |
| title_sort | influence of daily temperature fluctuation on the efficacy of bioinsecticides on spotted wing drosophila larvae |
| topic | invasive species global warming thermal stress <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> entomopathogen pest management |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/1/43 |
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