Early CD4+ T cell responses induced by the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine predict immunological memory
Abstract Longitudinal studies have revealed large interindividual differences in antibody responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. Thus, we performed a comprehensive analysis of adaptive immune responses induced by three doses of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. The responses of spike-sp...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24938-4 |
| _version_ | 1811215895187423232 |
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| author | Jie Bai Asako Chiba Goh Murayama Taiga Kuga Yoshiyuki Yahagi Yoko Tabe Naoto Tamura Sachiko Miyake |
| author_facet | Jie Bai Asako Chiba Goh Murayama Taiga Kuga Yoshiyuki Yahagi Yoko Tabe Naoto Tamura Sachiko Miyake |
| author_sort | Jie Bai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Longitudinal studies have revealed large interindividual differences in antibody responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. Thus, we performed a comprehensive analysis of adaptive immune responses induced by three doses of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. The responses of spike-specific CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and serum IgG, and the serum neutralization capacities induced by the two vaccines declined 6 months later. The 3rd dose increased serum spike IgG and neutralizing capacities against the wild-type and Omicron spikes to higher levels than the 2nd dose, and this was supported by memory B cell responses, which gradually increased after the 2nd dose and were further enhanced by the 3rd dose. The 3rd dose moderately increased the frequencies of spike-specific CD4+ T cells, but the frequencies of spike-specific CD8+ T cells remained unchanged. T cells reactive against the Omicron spike were 1.3-fold fewer than those against the wild-type spike. The early responsiveness of spike-specific CD4+ T, circulating T follicular helper cells and circulating T peripheral helper cells correlated with memory B cell responses to the booster vaccination, and early spike-specific CD4+ T cell responses were also associated with spike-specific CD8+ T cell responses. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating cellular responses to optimize future vaccine strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:30:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2c871b9f8a63420f87edc5078eb7686c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:30:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj.art-2c871b9f8a63420f87edc5078eb7686c2022-12-22T03:44:02ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-11-0112111210.1038/s41598-022-24938-4Early CD4+ T cell responses induced by the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine predict immunological memoryJie Bai0Asako Chiba1Goh Murayama2Taiga Kuga3Yoshiyuki Yahagi4Yoko Tabe5Naoto Tamura6Sachiko Miyake7Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineDepartment of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineDepartment of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of MedicineDepartment of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineDepartment of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineDepartment of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of MedicineDepartment of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineAbstract Longitudinal studies have revealed large interindividual differences in antibody responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. Thus, we performed a comprehensive analysis of adaptive immune responses induced by three doses of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. The responses of spike-specific CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and serum IgG, and the serum neutralization capacities induced by the two vaccines declined 6 months later. The 3rd dose increased serum spike IgG and neutralizing capacities against the wild-type and Omicron spikes to higher levels than the 2nd dose, and this was supported by memory B cell responses, which gradually increased after the 2nd dose and were further enhanced by the 3rd dose. The 3rd dose moderately increased the frequencies of spike-specific CD4+ T cells, but the frequencies of spike-specific CD8+ T cells remained unchanged. T cells reactive against the Omicron spike were 1.3-fold fewer than those against the wild-type spike. The early responsiveness of spike-specific CD4+ T, circulating T follicular helper cells and circulating T peripheral helper cells correlated with memory B cell responses to the booster vaccination, and early spike-specific CD4+ T cell responses were also associated with spike-specific CD8+ T cell responses. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating cellular responses to optimize future vaccine strategies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24938-4 |
| spellingShingle | Jie Bai Asako Chiba Goh Murayama Taiga Kuga Yoshiyuki Yahagi Yoko Tabe Naoto Tamura Sachiko Miyake Early CD4+ T cell responses induced by the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine predict immunological memory Scientific Reports |
| title | Early CD4+ T cell responses induced by the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine predict immunological memory |
| title_full | Early CD4+ T cell responses induced by the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine predict immunological memory |
| title_fullStr | Early CD4+ T cell responses induced by the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine predict immunological memory |
| title_full_unstemmed | Early CD4+ T cell responses induced by the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine predict immunological memory |
| title_short | Early CD4+ T cell responses induced by the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine predict immunological memory |
| title_sort | early cd4 t cell responses induced by the bnt162b2 sars cov 2 mrna vaccine predict immunological memory |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24938-4 |
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