What Is the Real Clausius Statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
In this paper, we first analyze the difference between the second law of thermodynamics and the laws in other disciplines. There are some phenomena in other disciplines similar to the Clausius Statement of the second law, but none of them has been accepted as the statement of a certain law. Clausius...
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MDPI AG
2019-09-01
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| Series: | Entropy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/10/926 |
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| author | Ti-Wei Xue Zeng-Yuan Guo |
| author_facet | Ti-Wei Xue Zeng-Yuan Guo |
| author_sort | Ti-Wei Xue |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we first analyze the difference between the second law of thermodynamics and the laws in other disciplines. There are some phenomena in other disciplines similar to the Clausius Statement of the second law, but none of them has been accepted as the statement of a certain law. Clausius’ mechanical theory of heat, published in the nineteenth century, is then introduced and discussed in detail, from which it is found that Clausius himself regarded “Theorem of the equivalence of the transformation of heat to work, and the transformation of heat at a higher temperature to a lower temperature”, rather than “Heat can never pass from a colder to a warmer body without some other change”, as the statement of the second law of thermodynamics. The latter is only laid down as the fundamental principle for deriving the theorem of the equivalence of transformations. Finally, based on the theorem of the equivalence of transformations and the average temperature method, a general quantitative relation among the heat, the work, and the temperatures is obtained for arbitrary cycles, which is thus recommended as an alternative mathematic expression of the second law. Hence, the theorem of the equivalence of transformations is the real Clausius Statement of the second law of thermodynamics. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:26:29Z |
| publishDate | 2019-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-2c9b1739ef42418385643c318da713742022-12-22T04:22:02ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002019-09-01211092610.3390/e21100926e21100926What Is the Real Clausius Statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics?Ti-Wei Xue0Zeng-Yuan Guo1Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaKey Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaIn this paper, we first analyze the difference between the second law of thermodynamics and the laws in other disciplines. There are some phenomena in other disciplines similar to the Clausius Statement of the second law, but none of them has been accepted as the statement of a certain law. Clausius’ mechanical theory of heat, published in the nineteenth century, is then introduced and discussed in detail, from which it is found that Clausius himself regarded “Theorem of the equivalence of the transformation of heat to work, and the transformation of heat at a higher temperature to a lower temperature”, rather than “Heat can never pass from a colder to a warmer body without some other change”, as the statement of the second law of thermodynamics. The latter is only laid down as the fundamental principle for deriving the theorem of the equivalence of transformations. Finally, based on the theorem of the equivalence of transformations and the average temperature method, a general quantitative relation among the heat, the work, and the temperatures is obtained for arbitrary cycles, which is thus recommended as an alternative mathematic expression of the second law. Hence, the theorem of the equivalence of transformations is the real Clausius Statement of the second law of thermodynamics.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/10/926second law of thermodynamicsClausius Statementtheorem of the equivalence of transformations |
| spellingShingle | Ti-Wei Xue Zeng-Yuan Guo What Is the Real Clausius Statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics? Entropy second law of thermodynamics Clausius Statement theorem of the equivalence of transformations |
| title | What Is the Real Clausius Statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics? |
| title_full | What Is the Real Clausius Statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics? |
| title_fullStr | What Is the Real Clausius Statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics? |
| title_full_unstemmed | What Is the Real Clausius Statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics? |
| title_short | What Is the Real Clausius Statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics? |
| title_sort | what is the real clausius statement of the second law of thermodynamics |
| topic | second law of thermodynamics Clausius Statement theorem of the equivalence of transformations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/10/926 |
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