Rapid Multi-Residue Method for Simultaneous Determination of 1,3,5-Triazine Herbicides in Environmental Samples by Capillary GC-MS-EI Selective Ion Monitoring Method
A new multi-residue method using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry electron ionization selective ion monitoring mode (SIM) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of eight 1,3,5-triazine herbicides such as 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (atrazine), ametryn, prometryn, propazine, terbuth...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| author | Perumal E. Ravi Perumal E. Thirugnanam Jothi Ramalingam Rajabathar Hamad Al-Lohedan S. Jenifer Muthusamy Karnan |
| author_facet | Perumal E. Ravi Perumal E. Thirugnanam Jothi Ramalingam Rajabathar Hamad Al-Lohedan S. Jenifer Muthusamy Karnan |
| author_sort | Perumal E. Ravi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A new multi-residue method using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry electron ionization selective ion monitoring mode (SIM) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of eight 1,3,5-triazine herbicides such as 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (atrazine), ametryn, prometryn, propazine, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, and simazine simetryn in water and soil samples. Quantification is done using lindane (gamma benzene hexachloride) as an internal standard. A specific Capillary DB-Wax column of 30 m length, 0.32 mm internal diameter, and 0.25 µm film thickness is used for the separation of eight 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine. The method was applied for the determination of residues in groundwater and soil samples. The lowest detection limit by GC-MS-SIM (selective ion monitoring mode) is 0.1 pg/mL. Recovery in water samples is in the range of 93–103%, and in soil samples, 91–102% for different individual compounds. Forty-five groundwater and soil samples were collected in and around Kancheepuram district in Tamilnadu (India), and they were analyzed for the respective residues. A detailed discussion of the GC-MS analysis results has been presented. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:55:45Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:55:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj.art-2caa9e90b4e14401a38c075c777ba2f12023-11-18T12:36:31ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392023-06-0110636310.3390/separations10060363Rapid Multi-Residue Method for Simultaneous Determination of 1,3,5-Triazine Herbicides in Environmental Samples by Capillary GC-MS-EI Selective Ion Monitoring MethodPerumal E. Ravi0Perumal E. Thirugnanam1Jothi Ramalingam Rajabathar2Hamad Al-Lohedan3S. Jenifer4Muthusamy Karnan5Department of Analytical Chemistry, International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology (IIBAT), Padappai, Chennai 601 301, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology (IIBAT), Padappai, Chennai 601 301, Tamil Nadu, IndiaChemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaChemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology (IIBAT), Padappai, Chennai 601 301, Tamil Nadu, IndiaGrassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Sejong 31000, Republic of KoreaA new multi-residue method using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry electron ionization selective ion monitoring mode (SIM) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of eight 1,3,5-triazine herbicides such as 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (atrazine), ametryn, prometryn, propazine, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, and simazine simetryn in water and soil samples. Quantification is done using lindane (gamma benzene hexachloride) as an internal standard. A specific Capillary DB-Wax column of 30 m length, 0.32 mm internal diameter, and 0.25 µm film thickness is used for the separation of eight 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine. The method was applied for the determination of residues in groundwater and soil samples. The lowest detection limit by GC-MS-SIM (selective ion monitoring mode) is 0.1 pg/mL. Recovery in water samples is in the range of 93–103%, and in soil samples, 91–102% for different individual compounds. Forty-five groundwater and soil samples were collected in and around Kancheepuram district in Tamilnadu (India), and they were analyzed for the respective residues. A detailed discussion of the GC-MS analysis results has been presented.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/6/363residues1,3,5-triazineherbicidesGC-MS-EIgroundwatersoil |
| spellingShingle | Perumal E. Ravi Perumal E. Thirugnanam Jothi Ramalingam Rajabathar Hamad Al-Lohedan S. Jenifer Muthusamy Karnan Rapid Multi-Residue Method for Simultaneous Determination of 1,3,5-Triazine Herbicides in Environmental Samples by Capillary GC-MS-EI Selective Ion Monitoring Method Separations residues 1,3,5-triazine herbicides GC-MS-EI groundwater soil |
| title | Rapid Multi-Residue Method for Simultaneous Determination of 1,3,5-Triazine Herbicides in Environmental Samples by Capillary GC-MS-EI Selective Ion Monitoring Method |
| title_full | Rapid Multi-Residue Method for Simultaneous Determination of 1,3,5-Triazine Herbicides in Environmental Samples by Capillary GC-MS-EI Selective Ion Monitoring Method |
| title_fullStr | Rapid Multi-Residue Method for Simultaneous Determination of 1,3,5-Triazine Herbicides in Environmental Samples by Capillary GC-MS-EI Selective Ion Monitoring Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rapid Multi-Residue Method for Simultaneous Determination of 1,3,5-Triazine Herbicides in Environmental Samples by Capillary GC-MS-EI Selective Ion Monitoring Method |
| title_short | Rapid Multi-Residue Method for Simultaneous Determination of 1,3,5-Triazine Herbicides in Environmental Samples by Capillary GC-MS-EI Selective Ion Monitoring Method |
| title_sort | rapid multi residue method for simultaneous determination of 1 3 5 triazine herbicides in environmental samples by capillary gc ms ei selective ion monitoring method |
| topic | residues 1,3,5-triazine herbicides GC-MS-EI groundwater soil |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/6/363 |
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