The Effects of Stretching Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Abstract Background Physical activity plays an important role in the management of blood glucose levels. However, compelling evidence exists only for aerobic and resistance training. In this review, we aimed to identify the potential effects of stretching exercises on blood glucose levels. Methods A...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | Sports Medicine - Open |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00661-w |
| _version_ | 1797274428620406784 |
|---|---|
| author | Ewan Thomas Salvatore Ficarra Masatoshi Nakamura Patrik Drid Tatjana Trivic Antonino Bianco |
| author_facet | Ewan Thomas Salvatore Ficarra Masatoshi Nakamura Patrik Drid Tatjana Trivic Antonino Bianco |
| author_sort | Ewan Thomas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Physical activity plays an important role in the management of blood glucose levels. However, compelling evidence exists only for aerobic and resistance training. In this review, we aimed to identify the potential effects of stretching exercises on blood glucose levels. Methods A systematic literature search was performed using the following databases: Scopus, NLM PubMed, and Web of Science. Studies regarding the effects of stretching exercise in humans on blood glucose or any related variable were included. Further inclusion criteria were: (1) original articles (published from database inception to October 2022), (2) applying stretching as a unique exercise modality, (3) having either longitudinal or acute interventions, (4) including healthy and pathological populations, and (5) having within each study a pre- and post-intervention measure. Quality assessment of the studies was conducted using the Downs and Black checklist. Results A total of 13 articles were included. The quality assessment revealed an overall moderate quality of the included records. Ten articles included patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), whereas the remaining three included at-risk populations. A total of 731 people with a mean age of 56.7 ± 6.1 years old were analysed. Fasting blood glucose, 2 h post-oral glucose uptake, post-stretching intervention blood glucose levels, and HbA1c were identified as variables related to blood glucose within the studies. After the stretching interventions, a significant reduction was observed in either blood glucose (ES = − 0.79; p = 0.0174) or HbA1c (ES = − 1.11; p = < 0.0001). Meta-analytic results highlighted greater effects in T2D patients (ES = − 1.15; p = 0.02) and for studies applying stretching as an exercise intervention (ES = − 1.27; p = 0.006) rather than considering stretching as a control exercise modality. Conclusion The results of this systematic review highlight the potential of stretching exercises to reduce blood glucose levels. In particular, if stretching is applied as a specific form of exercise intervention in patients with T2D greater effects are observed. However, further studies with more solid research designs are required, therefore, caution is needed before prescribing stretching as an exercise intervention for glycaemic management. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:59:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2cc05188dbe041f69e1e443b6129d697 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2198-9761 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:59:12Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sports Medicine - Open |
| spelling | doaj.art-2cc05188dbe041f69e1e443b6129d6972024-03-05T19:14:57ZengSpringerOpenSports Medicine - Open2198-97612024-02-0110111310.1186/s40798-023-00661-wThe Effects of Stretching Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review with Meta-AnalysisEwan Thomas0Salvatore Ficarra1Masatoshi Nakamura2Patrik Drid3Tatjana Trivic4Antonino Bianco5Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of PalermoSport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of PalermoFaculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nishi Kyushu UniversityFaculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi SadFaculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi SadSport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of PalermoAbstract Background Physical activity plays an important role in the management of blood glucose levels. However, compelling evidence exists only for aerobic and resistance training. In this review, we aimed to identify the potential effects of stretching exercises on blood glucose levels. Methods A systematic literature search was performed using the following databases: Scopus, NLM PubMed, and Web of Science. Studies regarding the effects of stretching exercise in humans on blood glucose or any related variable were included. Further inclusion criteria were: (1) original articles (published from database inception to October 2022), (2) applying stretching as a unique exercise modality, (3) having either longitudinal or acute interventions, (4) including healthy and pathological populations, and (5) having within each study a pre- and post-intervention measure. Quality assessment of the studies was conducted using the Downs and Black checklist. Results A total of 13 articles were included. The quality assessment revealed an overall moderate quality of the included records. Ten articles included patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), whereas the remaining three included at-risk populations. A total of 731 people with a mean age of 56.7 ± 6.1 years old were analysed. Fasting blood glucose, 2 h post-oral glucose uptake, post-stretching intervention blood glucose levels, and HbA1c were identified as variables related to blood glucose within the studies. After the stretching interventions, a significant reduction was observed in either blood glucose (ES = − 0.79; p = 0.0174) or HbA1c (ES = − 1.11; p = < 0.0001). Meta-analytic results highlighted greater effects in T2D patients (ES = − 1.15; p = 0.02) and for studies applying stretching as an exercise intervention (ES = − 1.27; p = 0.006) rather than considering stretching as a control exercise modality. Conclusion The results of this systematic review highlight the potential of stretching exercises to reduce blood glucose levels. In particular, if stretching is applied as a specific form of exercise intervention in patients with T2D greater effects are observed. However, further studies with more solid research designs are required, therefore, caution is needed before prescribing stretching as an exercise intervention for glycaemic management.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00661-wBlood glucoseDiabetesStretchingExerciseHbA1c |
| spellingShingle | Ewan Thomas Salvatore Ficarra Masatoshi Nakamura Patrik Drid Tatjana Trivic Antonino Bianco The Effects of Stretching Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis Sports Medicine - Open Blood glucose Diabetes Stretching Exercise HbA1c |
| title | The Effects of Stretching Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | The Effects of Stretching Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of Stretching Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Stretching Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | The Effects of Stretching Exercise on Levels of Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | effects of stretching exercise on levels of blood glucose a systematic review with meta analysis |
| topic | Blood glucose Diabetes Stretching Exercise HbA1c |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00661-w |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ewanthomas theeffectsofstretchingexerciseonlevelsofbloodglucoseasystematicreviewwithmetaanalysis AT salvatoreficarra theeffectsofstretchingexerciseonlevelsofbloodglucoseasystematicreviewwithmetaanalysis AT masatoshinakamura theeffectsofstretchingexerciseonlevelsofbloodglucoseasystematicreviewwithmetaanalysis AT patrikdrid theeffectsofstretchingexerciseonlevelsofbloodglucoseasystematicreviewwithmetaanalysis AT tatjanatrivic theeffectsofstretchingexerciseonlevelsofbloodglucoseasystematicreviewwithmetaanalysis AT antoninobianco theeffectsofstretchingexerciseonlevelsofbloodglucoseasystematicreviewwithmetaanalysis AT ewanthomas effectsofstretchingexerciseonlevelsofbloodglucoseasystematicreviewwithmetaanalysis AT salvatoreficarra effectsofstretchingexerciseonlevelsofbloodglucoseasystematicreviewwithmetaanalysis AT masatoshinakamura effectsofstretchingexerciseonlevelsofbloodglucoseasystematicreviewwithmetaanalysis AT patrikdrid effectsofstretchingexerciseonlevelsofbloodglucoseasystematicreviewwithmetaanalysis AT tatjanatrivic effectsofstretchingexerciseonlevelsofbloodglucoseasystematicreviewwithmetaanalysis AT antoninobianco effectsofstretchingexerciseonlevelsofbloodglucoseasystematicreviewwithmetaanalysis |