Chemical Characterization, Source, and SOA Production of Intermediate Volatile Organic Compounds during Haze Episodes in North China
The growth of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) is a vital cause of the outbreaks of winter haze in North China. Intermediate volatile organic compounds (IVOCs) are important precursors of SOA. Therefore, the chemical characteristics, source, and SOA production of IVOCs during haze episodes have attr...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1484 |
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| author | Xinxin Feng Jinhu Zhao Yanli Feng Junjie Cai Caiqing Yan Yingjun Chen |
| author_facet | Xinxin Feng Jinhu Zhao Yanli Feng Junjie Cai Caiqing Yan Yingjun Chen |
| author_sort | Xinxin Feng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The growth of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) is a vital cause of the outbreaks of winter haze in North China. Intermediate volatile organic compounds (IVOCs) are important precursors of SOA. Therefore, the chemical characteristics, source, and SOA production of IVOCs during haze episodes have attracted much attention. Hourly time resolution IVOC samples during two haze episodes collected in Hebei Province in North China were analyzed in this study. Results showed that: (1) the concentration of IVOCs measured was within the range of 11.3~85.1 μg·cm<sup>−3</sup> during haze episodes, with normal alkanes (<i>n</i>-alkanes), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), branched alkanes (<i>b</i>-alkanes), and the residue unresolved complex mixture (R-UCM) accounting for 8.6 ± 2.3%, 6.8 ± 2.2%, 24.1 ± 3.8%, and 60.5 ± 6.5% of IVOCs, respectively. <i>N</i>C<sub>12</sub>-<i>n</i>C<sub>15</sub> in <i>n</i>-alkanes, naphthalene and its alkyl substitutes in PAHs, <i>b</i>-alkanes in B<sub>12</sub>–B<sub>16</sub> bins, and R-UCM in B<sub>12</sub>–B<sub>16</sub> bins are the main components, accounting for 87.0 ± 0.2%, 87.6 ± 2.9%, 85.9 ± 5.4%, 74.0 ± 8.3%, respectively. (2) Based on the component characteristics of IVOCs and the ratios of <i>n</i>-alkanes/<i>b</i>-alkanes in emission sources and the hourly variation of IVOCs during haze episodes, coal combustion (CC), biomass burning (BB), gasoline vehicles (GV), and diesel vehicles (DV)were identified as important emission sources of IVOCs in Hebei Province. (3) During haze episodes, temporal variation of the estimated SOA production based on different methods (such as IVOCs concentration, OC/EC<sub>min</sub> tracer, and the PMF model) were similar; however, the absolute values were different. This difference may be due to the transformation of IVOCs to SOA affected by various factors such as SOA production from different IVOC components, meteorological conditions, atmospheric oxidation, etc. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:41:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2cc8f0ebc25f43b390421e1770a20061 |
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| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:41:58Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-2cc8f0ebc25f43b390421e1770a200612023-11-22T22:25:05ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332021-11-011211148410.3390/atmos12111484Chemical Characterization, Source, and SOA Production of Intermediate Volatile Organic Compounds during Haze Episodes in North ChinaXinxin Feng0Jinhu Zhao1Yanli Feng2Junjie Cai3Caiqing Yan4Yingjun Chen5Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaInstitute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaInstitute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaEnvironment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaThe growth of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) is a vital cause of the outbreaks of winter haze in North China. Intermediate volatile organic compounds (IVOCs) are important precursors of SOA. Therefore, the chemical characteristics, source, and SOA production of IVOCs during haze episodes have attracted much attention. Hourly time resolution IVOC samples during two haze episodes collected in Hebei Province in North China were analyzed in this study. Results showed that: (1) the concentration of IVOCs measured was within the range of 11.3~85.1 μg·cm<sup>−3</sup> during haze episodes, with normal alkanes (<i>n</i>-alkanes), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), branched alkanes (<i>b</i>-alkanes), and the residue unresolved complex mixture (R-UCM) accounting for 8.6 ± 2.3%, 6.8 ± 2.2%, 24.1 ± 3.8%, and 60.5 ± 6.5% of IVOCs, respectively. <i>N</i>C<sub>12</sub>-<i>n</i>C<sub>15</sub> in <i>n</i>-alkanes, naphthalene and its alkyl substitutes in PAHs, <i>b</i>-alkanes in B<sub>12</sub>–B<sub>16</sub> bins, and R-UCM in B<sub>12</sub>–B<sub>16</sub> bins are the main components, accounting for 87.0 ± 0.2%, 87.6 ± 2.9%, 85.9 ± 5.4%, 74.0 ± 8.3%, respectively. (2) Based on the component characteristics of IVOCs and the ratios of <i>n</i>-alkanes/<i>b</i>-alkanes in emission sources and the hourly variation of IVOCs during haze episodes, coal combustion (CC), biomass burning (BB), gasoline vehicles (GV), and diesel vehicles (DV)were identified as important emission sources of IVOCs in Hebei Province. (3) During haze episodes, temporal variation of the estimated SOA production based on different methods (such as IVOCs concentration, OC/EC<sub>min</sub> tracer, and the PMF model) were similar; however, the absolute values were different. This difference may be due to the transformation of IVOCs to SOA affected by various factors such as SOA production from different IVOC components, meteorological conditions, atmospheric oxidation, etc.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1484chemical characterizationsourcesIVOCsSOA productionhaze episodes |
| spellingShingle | Xinxin Feng Jinhu Zhao Yanli Feng Junjie Cai Caiqing Yan Yingjun Chen Chemical Characterization, Source, and SOA Production of Intermediate Volatile Organic Compounds during Haze Episodes in North China Atmosphere chemical characterization sources IVOCs SOA production haze episodes |
| title | Chemical Characterization, Source, and SOA Production of Intermediate Volatile Organic Compounds during Haze Episodes in North China |
| title_full | Chemical Characterization, Source, and SOA Production of Intermediate Volatile Organic Compounds during Haze Episodes in North China |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Characterization, Source, and SOA Production of Intermediate Volatile Organic Compounds during Haze Episodes in North China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Characterization, Source, and SOA Production of Intermediate Volatile Organic Compounds during Haze Episodes in North China |
| title_short | Chemical Characterization, Source, and SOA Production of Intermediate Volatile Organic Compounds during Haze Episodes in North China |
| title_sort | chemical characterization source and soa production of intermediate volatile organic compounds during haze episodes in north china |
| topic | chemical characterization sources IVOCs SOA production haze episodes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1484 |
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