Chitosan and Hydroxyapatite Based Biomaterials to Circumvent Periprosthetic Joint Infections
Every year, worldwide, millions of people suffering from joint pain undergo joint replacement. For most patients, joint arthroplasty reduces pain and improve function, though a small fraction will experience implant failure. One of the main reasons includes prosthetic joint infection (PJI), involvin...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-02-01
|
| Series: | Materials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/4/804 |
| _version_ | 1797412686663778304 |
|---|---|
| author | Ana Rita Costa-Pinto Ana Luísa Lemos Freni Kekhasharú Tavaria Manuela Pintado |
| author_facet | Ana Rita Costa-Pinto Ana Luísa Lemos Freni Kekhasharú Tavaria Manuela Pintado |
| author_sort | Ana Rita Costa-Pinto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Every year, worldwide, millions of people suffering from joint pain undergo joint replacement. For most patients, joint arthroplasty reduces pain and improve function, though a small fraction will experience implant failure. One of the main reasons includes prosthetic joint infection (PJI), involving the prosthesis and adjacent tissues. Few microorganisms (MO) are required to inoculate the implant, resulting in the formation of a biofilm on its surface. Standard treatment includes not only removal of the infected prosthesis but also the elimination of necrotic bone fragments, local and/or systemic administration of antibiotics, and revision arthroplasty with a new prosthesis, immediately after the infection is cleared. Therefore, an alternative to the conventional therapeutics would be the incorporation of natural antimicrobial compounds into the prosthesis. Chitosan (Ch) is a potential valuable biomaterial presenting properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low immunogenicity, wound healing ability, antimicrobial activity, and anti-inflammatory potential. Regarding its antimicrobial activity, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as fungi are highly susceptible to chitosan. Calcium phosphate (CaP)-based materials are commonly utilized in orthopedic and dentistry for their excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity, particularly in the establishment of cohesive bone bonding that yields effective and rapid osteointegration. At present, the majority of CaP-based materials are synthetic, which conducts to the depletion of the natural resources of phosphorous in the future due to the extensive use of phosphate. CaP in the form of hydroxyapatite (HAp) may be extracted from natural sources as fish bones or scales, which are by-products of the fish food industry. Thus, this review aims to enlighten the fundamental characteristics of Ch and HAp biomaterials which makes them attractive to PJI prevention and bone regeneration, summarizing relevant studies with these biomaterials to the field. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:05:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2ccd4ef427074865b8f7965426ab5499 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:05:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-2ccd4ef427074865b8f7965426ab54992023-12-03T12:54:32ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-02-0114480410.3390/ma14040804Chitosan and Hydroxyapatite Based Biomaterials to Circumvent Periprosthetic Joint InfectionsAna Rita Costa-Pinto0Ana Luísa Lemos1Freni Kekhasharú Tavaria2Manuela Pintado3Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, PortugalUniversidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, PortugalUniversidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, PortugalUniversidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, PortugalEvery year, worldwide, millions of people suffering from joint pain undergo joint replacement. For most patients, joint arthroplasty reduces pain and improve function, though a small fraction will experience implant failure. One of the main reasons includes prosthetic joint infection (PJI), involving the prosthesis and adjacent tissues. Few microorganisms (MO) are required to inoculate the implant, resulting in the formation of a biofilm on its surface. Standard treatment includes not only removal of the infected prosthesis but also the elimination of necrotic bone fragments, local and/or systemic administration of antibiotics, and revision arthroplasty with a new prosthesis, immediately after the infection is cleared. Therefore, an alternative to the conventional therapeutics would be the incorporation of natural antimicrobial compounds into the prosthesis. Chitosan (Ch) is a potential valuable biomaterial presenting properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low immunogenicity, wound healing ability, antimicrobial activity, and anti-inflammatory potential. Regarding its antimicrobial activity, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as fungi are highly susceptible to chitosan. Calcium phosphate (CaP)-based materials are commonly utilized in orthopedic and dentistry for their excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity, particularly in the establishment of cohesive bone bonding that yields effective and rapid osteointegration. At present, the majority of CaP-based materials are synthetic, which conducts to the depletion of the natural resources of phosphorous in the future due to the extensive use of phosphate. CaP in the form of hydroxyapatite (HAp) may be extracted from natural sources as fish bones or scales, which are by-products of the fish food industry. Thus, this review aims to enlighten the fundamental characteristics of Ch and HAp biomaterials which makes them attractive to PJI prevention and bone regeneration, summarizing relevant studies with these biomaterials to the field.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/4/804biomaterialschitosanhydroxyapatiteantimicrobialperiprosthetic joint infectionosteoregeneration |
| spellingShingle | Ana Rita Costa-Pinto Ana Luísa Lemos Freni Kekhasharú Tavaria Manuela Pintado Chitosan and Hydroxyapatite Based Biomaterials to Circumvent Periprosthetic Joint Infections Materials biomaterials chitosan hydroxyapatite antimicrobial periprosthetic joint infection osteoregeneration |
| title | Chitosan and Hydroxyapatite Based Biomaterials to Circumvent Periprosthetic Joint Infections |
| title_full | Chitosan and Hydroxyapatite Based Biomaterials to Circumvent Periprosthetic Joint Infections |
| title_fullStr | Chitosan and Hydroxyapatite Based Biomaterials to Circumvent Periprosthetic Joint Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chitosan and Hydroxyapatite Based Biomaterials to Circumvent Periprosthetic Joint Infections |
| title_short | Chitosan and Hydroxyapatite Based Biomaterials to Circumvent Periprosthetic Joint Infections |
| title_sort | chitosan and hydroxyapatite based biomaterials to circumvent periprosthetic joint infections |
| topic | biomaterials chitosan hydroxyapatite antimicrobial periprosthetic joint infection osteoregeneration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/4/804 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT anaritacostapinto chitosanandhydroxyapatitebasedbiomaterialstocircumventperiprostheticjointinfections AT analuisalemos chitosanandhydroxyapatitebasedbiomaterialstocircumventperiprostheticjointinfections AT frenikekhasharutavaria chitosanandhydroxyapatitebasedbiomaterialstocircumventperiprostheticjointinfections AT manuelapintado chitosanandhydroxyapatitebasedbiomaterialstocircumventperiprostheticjointinfections |