Anthocyanins in Floral Colors: Biosynthesis and Regulation in Chrysanthemum Flowers
Chrysanthemum (<i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i>) is an economically important ornamental crop across the globe. As floral color is the major factor determining customer selection, manipulation of floral color has been a major objective for breeders. Anthocyanins are one of the main pigmen...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-09-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/18/6537 |
| _version_ | 1797554329699221504 |
|---|---|
| author | Manjulatha Mekapogu Bala Murali Krishna Vasamsetti Oh-Keun Kwon Myung-Suk Ahn Sun-Hyung Lim Jae-A Jung |
| author_facet | Manjulatha Mekapogu Bala Murali Krishna Vasamsetti Oh-Keun Kwon Myung-Suk Ahn Sun-Hyung Lim Jae-A Jung |
| author_sort | Manjulatha Mekapogu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chrysanthemum (<i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i>) is an economically important ornamental crop across the globe. As floral color is the major factor determining customer selection, manipulation of floral color has been a major objective for breeders. Anthocyanins are one of the main pigments contributing to a broad variety of colors in the ray florets of chrysanthemum. Manipulating petal pigments has resulted in the development of a vast range of floral colors. Although the candidate genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis have been well studied, the genetic and transcriptional control of floral color remains unclear. Despite advances in multi-omics technology, these methods remain in their infancy in chrysanthemum, owing to its large complex genome and hexaploidy. Hence, there is a need to further elucidate and better understand the genetic and molecular regulatory mechanisms in chrysanthemum, which can provide a basis for future advances in breeding for novel and diverse floral colors in this commercially beneficial crop. Therefore, this review describes the significance of anthocyanins in chrysanthemum flowers, and the mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis under genetic and environmental factors, providing insight into the development of novel colored ray florets. Genetic and molecular regulatory mechanisms that control anthocyanin biosynthesis and the various breeding efforts to modify floral color in chrysanthemum are detailed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:30:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2cd339aea1a044cda8626979e71848ce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:30:29Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-2cd339aea1a044cda8626979e71848ce2023-11-20T12:52:10ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-09-012118653710.3390/ijms21186537Anthocyanins in Floral Colors: Biosynthesis and Regulation in Chrysanthemum FlowersManjulatha Mekapogu0Bala Murali Krishna Vasamsetti1Oh-Keun Kwon2Myung-Suk Ahn3Sun-Hyung Lim4Jae-A Jung5Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, KoreaChemical Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, KoreaFloriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, KoreaFloriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, KoreaDivision of Horticultural Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Hankyoung National University, Anseong 17579, KoreaFloriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, KoreaChrysanthemum (<i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i>) is an economically important ornamental crop across the globe. As floral color is the major factor determining customer selection, manipulation of floral color has been a major objective for breeders. Anthocyanins are one of the main pigments contributing to a broad variety of colors in the ray florets of chrysanthemum. Manipulating petal pigments has resulted in the development of a vast range of floral colors. Although the candidate genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis have been well studied, the genetic and transcriptional control of floral color remains unclear. Despite advances in multi-omics technology, these methods remain in their infancy in chrysanthemum, owing to its large complex genome and hexaploidy. Hence, there is a need to further elucidate and better understand the genetic and molecular regulatory mechanisms in chrysanthemum, which can provide a basis for future advances in breeding for novel and diverse floral colors in this commercially beneficial crop. Therefore, this review describes the significance of anthocyanins in chrysanthemum flowers, and the mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis under genetic and environmental factors, providing insight into the development of novel colored ray florets. Genetic and molecular regulatory mechanisms that control anthocyanin biosynthesis and the various breeding efforts to modify floral color in chrysanthemum are detailed.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/18/6537breedinggenetic manipulationornamental plantspetal colorplant pigments |
| spellingShingle | Manjulatha Mekapogu Bala Murali Krishna Vasamsetti Oh-Keun Kwon Myung-Suk Ahn Sun-Hyung Lim Jae-A Jung Anthocyanins in Floral Colors: Biosynthesis and Regulation in Chrysanthemum Flowers International Journal of Molecular Sciences breeding genetic manipulation ornamental plants petal color plant pigments |
| title | Anthocyanins in Floral Colors: Biosynthesis and Regulation in Chrysanthemum Flowers |
| title_full | Anthocyanins in Floral Colors: Biosynthesis and Regulation in Chrysanthemum Flowers |
| title_fullStr | Anthocyanins in Floral Colors: Biosynthesis and Regulation in Chrysanthemum Flowers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anthocyanins in Floral Colors: Biosynthesis and Regulation in Chrysanthemum Flowers |
| title_short | Anthocyanins in Floral Colors: Biosynthesis and Regulation in Chrysanthemum Flowers |
| title_sort | anthocyanins in floral colors biosynthesis and regulation in chrysanthemum flowers |
| topic | breeding genetic manipulation ornamental plants petal color plant pigments |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/18/6537 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT manjulathamekapogu anthocyaninsinfloralcolorsbiosynthesisandregulationinchrysanthemumflowers AT balamuralikrishnavasamsetti anthocyaninsinfloralcolorsbiosynthesisandregulationinchrysanthemumflowers AT ohkeunkwon anthocyaninsinfloralcolorsbiosynthesisandregulationinchrysanthemumflowers AT myungsukahn anthocyaninsinfloralcolorsbiosynthesisandregulationinchrysanthemumflowers AT sunhyunglim anthocyaninsinfloralcolorsbiosynthesisandregulationinchrysanthemumflowers AT jaeajung anthocyaninsinfloralcolorsbiosynthesisandregulationinchrysanthemumflowers |