Long-term trend analysis of extreme climate in Sarawak tropical peatland under the influence of climate change
Extreme climate is one of the important variables which determine the capability of tropical peatland to act as either carbon sink and/or carbon source. The purpose of this study is to reveal the spatio-temporal trend in the long-term time series of extreme rainfall and temperature in Sarawak peatla...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Weather and Climate Extremes |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094723000075 |
| _version_ | 1797816996183670784 |
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| author | Zulfaqar Sa'adi Zaher Mundher Yaseen Aitazaz Ahsan Farooque Nur Athirah Mohamad Mohd Khairul Idlan Muhammad Zafar Iqbal |
| author_facet | Zulfaqar Sa'adi Zaher Mundher Yaseen Aitazaz Ahsan Farooque Nur Athirah Mohamad Mohd Khairul Idlan Muhammad Zafar Iqbal |
| author_sort | Zulfaqar Sa'adi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Extreme climate is one of the important variables which determine the capability of tropical peatland to act as either carbon sink and/or carbon source. The purpose of this study is to reveal the spatio-temporal trend in the long-term time series of extreme rainfall and temperature in Sarawak peatland cause by climate change. Gridded-based Princeton datasets were used for trend analysis spanning 68-year (1948–2016) based on Modified Mann-Kendall (m-MK) test which has the capability of distinguishing unidirectional trend with multi-scale variability. The m-MK test was also used to confirm the increasing or decreasing trend produce by Mann-Kendall (MK), and to discriminate the exaggeration in trend caused by serial auto-correlation due to the high effect of large scale climate events regulating the climate in the region. By using R-based program, RClimDex for extreme climate indices output, extreme climate under Northeast (NE) and Southwest (SW) monsoon showed lower grid point with significant changes under m-MK test compared to MK test at 95% significance level. Here, the exaggeration of trend by MK test has been reduced by using m-MK test which can accommodate the scaling effect in the time series due to inherent natural climate variability. Diurnal temperature range (DTR) was expected to decrease for both monsoons in the central-coastal region as minimum temperature (TN) increased more than maximum temperature (TX). Significant increase in extreme rainfall (R10, R20, Rnn) was spatially observed more during SW monsoon compared to NE monsoon, although with high spatial variability. Significant increase of TN indices of TNn and TN90p might cause increased rainfall intensity in the south and central-coastal region, while high TX indices of TXn might cause increased rainfall intensity in the north. Due to the imminent threat of climate change, this study gives scientists an essential view on the behavior of different extreme climate variables and its potential impact on the peatland area which is susceptible to flood and risk of fire during the NE and SW monsoon, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T08:45:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2cd58e070ad24e4aa32e11ddf2041e67 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2212-0947 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T08:45:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Weather and Climate Extremes |
| spelling | doaj.art-2cd58e070ad24e4aa32e11ddf2041e672023-05-30T04:05:20ZengElsevierWeather and Climate Extremes2212-09472023-06-0140100554Long-term trend analysis of extreme climate in Sarawak tropical peatland under the influence of climate changeZulfaqar Sa'adi0Zaher Mundher Yaseen1Aitazaz Ahsan Farooque2Nur Athirah Mohamad3Mohd Khairul Idlan Muhammad4Zafar Iqbal5Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Sekudai, Johor, Malaysia; Corresponding author.Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author. Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.Canadian Center for Climate Change and Adaptation University of Prince Edward Island, St Peter’s Bay, PE, Canada; Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A4P3, CanadaDepartment of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, MalaysiaDepartment of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, MalaysiaNUST Institute of Civil Engineering-SCEE, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan; New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, IraqExtreme climate is one of the important variables which determine the capability of tropical peatland to act as either carbon sink and/or carbon source. The purpose of this study is to reveal the spatio-temporal trend in the long-term time series of extreme rainfall and temperature in Sarawak peatland cause by climate change. Gridded-based Princeton datasets were used for trend analysis spanning 68-year (1948–2016) based on Modified Mann-Kendall (m-MK) test which has the capability of distinguishing unidirectional trend with multi-scale variability. The m-MK test was also used to confirm the increasing or decreasing trend produce by Mann-Kendall (MK), and to discriminate the exaggeration in trend caused by serial auto-correlation due to the high effect of large scale climate events regulating the climate in the region. By using R-based program, RClimDex for extreme climate indices output, extreme climate under Northeast (NE) and Southwest (SW) monsoon showed lower grid point with significant changes under m-MK test compared to MK test at 95% significance level. Here, the exaggeration of trend by MK test has been reduced by using m-MK test which can accommodate the scaling effect in the time series due to inherent natural climate variability. Diurnal temperature range (DTR) was expected to decrease for both monsoons in the central-coastal region as minimum temperature (TN) increased more than maximum temperature (TX). Significant increase in extreme rainfall (R10, R20, Rnn) was spatially observed more during SW monsoon compared to NE monsoon, although with high spatial variability. Significant increase of TN indices of TNn and TN90p might cause increased rainfall intensity in the south and central-coastal region, while high TX indices of TXn might cause increased rainfall intensity in the north. Due to the imminent threat of climate change, this study gives scientists an essential view on the behavior of different extreme climate variables and its potential impact on the peatland area which is susceptible to flood and risk of fire during the NE and SW monsoon, respectively.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094723000075Climate extremesMann-Kendall testModified Mann-Kendall testSarawakTropical peatland |
| spellingShingle | Zulfaqar Sa'adi Zaher Mundher Yaseen Aitazaz Ahsan Farooque Nur Athirah Mohamad Mohd Khairul Idlan Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Long-term trend analysis of extreme climate in Sarawak tropical peatland under the influence of climate change Weather and Climate Extremes Climate extremes Mann-Kendall test Modified Mann-Kendall test Sarawak Tropical peatland |
| title | Long-term trend analysis of extreme climate in Sarawak tropical peatland under the influence of climate change |
| title_full | Long-term trend analysis of extreme climate in Sarawak tropical peatland under the influence of climate change |
| title_fullStr | Long-term trend analysis of extreme climate in Sarawak tropical peatland under the influence of climate change |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-term trend analysis of extreme climate in Sarawak tropical peatland under the influence of climate change |
| title_short | Long-term trend analysis of extreme climate in Sarawak tropical peatland under the influence of climate change |
| title_sort | long term trend analysis of extreme climate in sarawak tropical peatland under the influence of climate change |
| topic | Climate extremes Mann-Kendall test Modified Mann-Kendall test Sarawak Tropical peatland |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094723000075 |
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