Study on Nut Shell Lignification Progress in Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cv. Segorbe
Seed protection is a key element in plant survival and plant dispersion. In hazelnuts, shell lignification begins from the tip to the basal scar. Therefore, hardening time is a race between seed survival against environmental stress. While new pests and stochastic weather events are increasing, fund...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Islamic Azad University
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Nuts |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ijnrs.damghan.iau.ir/article_698643_b78017aaf995ede07ed3e65eb7e5b80e.pdf |
| _version_ | 1827866393154945024 |
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| author | Julien Toillon Julie Robin Maud Thomas Rachid Hamidi |
| author_facet | Julien Toillon Julie Robin Maud Thomas Rachid Hamidi |
| author_sort | Julien Toillon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Seed protection is a key element in plant survival and plant dispersion. In hazelnuts, shell lignification begins from the tip to the basal scar. Therefore, hardening time is a race between seed survival against environmental stress. While new pests and stochastic weather events are increasing, fundamental shell lignification features are missing in the common Segorbe cultivar. In this purpose, progress of lignification was studied using hardness and morphological changes in fresh and dried Segorbe hazelnuts collected weekly in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The growing degree days (GDD) were calculated for key lignification process stages. In dried hazelnuts, the lignification process causes morphological deformation lead to belted hazelnut symptoms. Lignification increased progressively from week 22 (1353.6 GDD) to week 26 (1353.6 GDD). Shell length was 48–84% of their final size. The shell was fully lignified at week 27 with a kernel size of 4.99±0.32 mm. In fresh nuts, shell size increased from 83 to 92%, and hardening increased by a factor of 2.85, reaching 21 kgf, between weeks 25 and 26 (2272.8 GDD), with a kernel size of 4.75±2.05 mm. Lignification occurs in four weeks. When kernel size is ~5 mm, and shell growth ends, a hard wall protects the kernel from stressors. Belted hazelnut symptoms, reflected in the ratio of lignified and shriveled shell parts, and shell hardness, are discussed in the context of the susceptibility of Segorbe cultivars to environmental stressors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:03:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2cd706aeca684b5a8278be24d2357683 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2383-319X 2383-3416 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:03:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Islamic Azad University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Nuts |
| spelling | doaj.art-2cd706aeca684b5a8278be24d23576832023-08-13T07:56:19ZengIslamic Azad UniversityJournal of Nuts2383-319X2383-34162023-09-0114319119910.22034/jon.2022.1970774.1200698643Study on Nut Shell Lignification Progress in Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cv. SegorbeJulien Toillon0Julie Robin1Maud Thomas2Rachid Hamidi3Association Nationale des Producteurs de Noisettes (ANPN), 1500 route de Monbahus, Cancon, FranceAssociation Nationale des Producteurs de Noisettes (ANPN), 1500 route de Monbahus, Cancon, FranceUnicoque, Noix et Noisettes de France, 1500 route de Monbahus, Cancon, FranceAssociation Nationale des Producteurs de Noisettes (ANPN), 1500 route de Monbahus, Cancon, FranceSeed protection is a key element in plant survival and plant dispersion. In hazelnuts, shell lignification begins from the tip to the basal scar. Therefore, hardening time is a race between seed survival against environmental stress. While new pests and stochastic weather events are increasing, fundamental shell lignification features are missing in the common Segorbe cultivar. In this purpose, progress of lignification was studied using hardness and morphological changes in fresh and dried Segorbe hazelnuts collected weekly in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The growing degree days (GDD) were calculated for key lignification process stages. In dried hazelnuts, the lignification process causes morphological deformation lead to belted hazelnut symptoms. Lignification increased progressively from week 22 (1353.6 GDD) to week 26 (1353.6 GDD). Shell length was 48–84% of their final size. The shell was fully lignified at week 27 with a kernel size of 4.99±0.32 mm. In fresh nuts, shell size increased from 83 to 92%, and hardening increased by a factor of 2.85, reaching 21 kgf, between weeks 25 and 26 (2272.8 GDD), with a kernel size of 4.75±2.05 mm. Lignification occurs in four weeks. When kernel size is ~5 mm, and shell growth ends, a hard wall protects the kernel from stressors. Belted hazelnut symptoms, reflected in the ratio of lignified and shriveled shell parts, and shell hardness, are discussed in the context of the susceptibility of Segorbe cultivars to environmental stressors.https://ijnrs.damghan.iau.ir/article_698643_b78017aaf995ede07ed3e65eb7e5b80e.pdfbelted hazelnutsenvironmental stressorsfilbertgrowth curvephenologysclereidshell hardening |
| spellingShingle | Julien Toillon Julie Robin Maud Thomas Rachid Hamidi Study on Nut Shell Lignification Progress in Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cv. Segorbe Journal of Nuts belted hazelnuts environmental stressors filbert growth curve phenology sclereid shell hardening |
| title | Study on Nut Shell Lignification Progress in Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cv. Segorbe |
| title_full | Study on Nut Shell Lignification Progress in Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cv. Segorbe |
| title_fullStr | Study on Nut Shell Lignification Progress in Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cv. Segorbe |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study on Nut Shell Lignification Progress in Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cv. Segorbe |
| title_short | Study on Nut Shell Lignification Progress in Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cv. Segorbe |
| title_sort | study on nut shell lignification progress in hazelnut corylus avellana l cv segorbe |
| topic | belted hazelnuts environmental stressors filbert growth curve phenology sclereid shell hardening |
| url | https://ijnrs.damghan.iau.ir/article_698643_b78017aaf995ede07ed3e65eb7e5b80e.pdf |
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