<i>Quillaja saponaria</i> (Molina) Extracts Inhibits In Vitro <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> Infections
<i>P. salmonis</i> infections are the cause of major bacterial disease in salmonids in Chile, and the reason for using more antibiotics compared to other salmon-producing countries. Vaccination and antibiotics have not been efficient and new approaches are needed. The safety of <i>...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2286 |
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| author | Hernán Cañon-Jones Hernán Cortes Mario Castillo-Ruiz Trinidad Schlotterbeck Ricardo San Martín |
| author_facet | Hernán Cañon-Jones Hernán Cortes Mario Castillo-Ruiz Trinidad Schlotterbeck Ricardo San Martín |
| author_sort | Hernán Cañon-Jones |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>P. salmonis</i> infections are the cause of major bacterial disease in salmonids in Chile, and the reason for using more antibiotics compared to other salmon-producing countries. Vaccination and antibiotics have not been efficient and new approaches are needed. The safety of <i>Quillaja saponaria</i> extracts was measured by cytotoxicity using flow cytometry of cytopathic and death of fish cell cultures and efficacy was assessed using in vitro infection models with pathogenic <i>P. salmonis</i>. Cytotoxicity was low and control of in vitro infections was achieved with all products, with protection of over 90%. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were much higher than those in the infection using cell cultures. These results suggest a dual mechanism of action where less purified extracts with a combination of saponin and non-saponin components simultaneously decrease <i>P. salmonis</i> infection while protecting cell lines, rather than exerting a direct antimicrobial effect. Quillaja saponins controlled in vitro infections with <i>P. salmonis</i> and could be considered good candidates for a new, safe and sustainable method of controlling fish bacterial infectious diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:21:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2d0586bbd84d43a5bf6469d1cf82422f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:21:10Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-2d0586bbd84d43a5bf6469d1cf82422f2023-11-20T23:23:34ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152020-12-011012228610.3390/ani10122286<i>Quillaja saponaria</i> (Molina) Extracts Inhibits In Vitro <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> InfectionsHernán Cañon-Jones0Hernán Cortes1Mario Castillo-Ruiz2Trinidad Schlotterbeck3Ricardo San Martín4Núcleo de Investigación Aplicada en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago 7500975, ChileDesert King Chile, Viña del Mar 2420505, ChileEscuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, ChileSaponin Research Center, Santiago 7510132, ChileSaponin Research Center, Santiago 7510132, Chile<i>P. salmonis</i> infections are the cause of major bacterial disease in salmonids in Chile, and the reason for using more antibiotics compared to other salmon-producing countries. Vaccination and antibiotics have not been efficient and new approaches are needed. The safety of <i>Quillaja saponaria</i> extracts was measured by cytotoxicity using flow cytometry of cytopathic and death of fish cell cultures and efficacy was assessed using in vitro infection models with pathogenic <i>P. salmonis</i>. Cytotoxicity was low and control of in vitro infections was achieved with all products, with protection of over 90%. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were much higher than those in the infection using cell cultures. These results suggest a dual mechanism of action where less purified extracts with a combination of saponin and non-saponin components simultaneously decrease <i>P. salmonis</i> infection while protecting cell lines, rather than exerting a direct antimicrobial effect. Quillaja saponins controlled in vitro infections with <i>P. salmonis</i> and could be considered good candidates for a new, safe and sustainable method of controlling fish bacterial infectious diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2286plant medicinesSRSfish pathologyantibiotic usagesalmonidsChile |
| spellingShingle | Hernán Cañon-Jones Hernán Cortes Mario Castillo-Ruiz Trinidad Schlotterbeck Ricardo San Martín <i>Quillaja saponaria</i> (Molina) Extracts Inhibits In Vitro <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> Infections Animals plant medicines SRS fish pathology antibiotic usage salmonids Chile |
| title | <i>Quillaja saponaria</i> (Molina) Extracts Inhibits In Vitro <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> Infections |
| title_full | <i>Quillaja saponaria</i> (Molina) Extracts Inhibits In Vitro <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> Infections |
| title_fullStr | <i>Quillaja saponaria</i> (Molina) Extracts Inhibits In Vitro <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Quillaja saponaria</i> (Molina) Extracts Inhibits In Vitro <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> Infections |
| title_short | <i>Quillaja saponaria</i> (Molina) Extracts Inhibits In Vitro <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> Infections |
| title_sort | i quillaja saponaria i molina extracts inhibits in vitro i piscirickettsia salmonis i infections |
| topic | plant medicines SRS fish pathology antibiotic usage salmonids Chile |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2286 |
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