Latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk indicators in pastoral communities in southern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study
Abstract Background Research pertaining to the community-based prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is important to understand the magnitude of this infection. This study was conducted to estimate LTBI prevalence and to identify associated risk factors in the Omo Zone of Southern Ethio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-018-5149-7 |
| _version_ | 1819229096058552320 |
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| author | Takele Teklu Mengistu Legesse Girmay Medhin Aboma Zewude Mahlet Chanyalew Martha Zewdie Biniam Wondale Milkessa Haile-Mariam Rembert Pieper Gobena Ameni |
| author_facet | Takele Teklu Mengistu Legesse Girmay Medhin Aboma Zewude Mahlet Chanyalew Martha Zewdie Biniam Wondale Milkessa Haile-Mariam Rembert Pieper Gobena Ameni |
| author_sort | Takele Teklu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Research pertaining to the community-based prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is important to understand the magnitude of this infection. This study was conducted to estimate LTBI prevalence and to identify associated risk factors in the Omo Zone of Southern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in six South Omo districts from May 2015 to February 2016. The sample size was allocated to the study districts proportional to their population sizes. Participants were selected using a multi-stage sampling approach. A total of 497 adult pastoralists were recruited. Blood samples were collected from the study participants and screened for LTBI using a U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). Logistic regression was used to model the likelihood of LTBI occurrence and to identify risk factors associated with LTBI. Results The prevalence of LTBI was 50.5% (95% CI: 46%, 55%) with no significant gender difference (49.8% among males versus 51.2% among females; Chi-square (χ2) = 0.10; P = 0.41) and marginally non-significant increasing trends with age (44.6% among those below 24 years and 59.7% in the age range of 45-64 years; χ2 = 6.91; P = 0.075). Being residence of the Dasanech District (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.30, 5.28; P = 0.007) and having a habit of eating raw meat (AOR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.09, 7.66; P = 0.033) were significantly associated with an increased odds of being positive for LTBI. A large family size (size of 5 to 10) has significant protective effect against associated a reduced odds of being positive for LTBI compared to a family size of below 5 (AOR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.99; P = 0.045). Conclusions A high prevalence of LTBI in the South Omo Zone raises the concern that elimination of TB in the pastoral communities of the region might be difficult. Screening for and testing individuals infected with TB, independent of symptoms, may be an effective way to minimize the risk of disease spread. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T11:07:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2d0be9bfc21c4d4d9c28cbb47076a9d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T11:07:44Z |
| publishDate | 2018-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-2d0be9bfc21c4d4d9c28cbb47076a9d42022-12-21T17:49:26ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582018-02-011811910.1186/s12889-018-5149-7Latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk indicators in pastoral communities in southern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional studyTakele Teklu0Mengistu Legesse1Girmay Medhin2Aboma Zewude3Mahlet Chanyalew4Martha Zewdie5Biniam Wondale6Milkessa Haile-Mariam7Rembert Pieper8Gobena Ameni9Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology (ALIPB), Addis Ababa UniversityAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology (ALIPB), Addis Ababa UniversityAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology (ALIPB), Addis Ababa UniversityAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology (ALIPB), Addis Ababa UniversityAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology (ALIPB), Addis Ababa UniversityArmauer Hansen Research Institute, AHRIAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology (ALIPB), Addis Ababa UniversityAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology (ALIPB), Addis Ababa UniversityJ. Craig Venter InstituteAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology (ALIPB), Addis Ababa UniversityAbstract Background Research pertaining to the community-based prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is important to understand the magnitude of this infection. This study was conducted to estimate LTBI prevalence and to identify associated risk factors in the Omo Zone of Southern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in six South Omo districts from May 2015 to February 2016. The sample size was allocated to the study districts proportional to their population sizes. Participants were selected using a multi-stage sampling approach. A total of 497 adult pastoralists were recruited. Blood samples were collected from the study participants and screened for LTBI using a U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). Logistic regression was used to model the likelihood of LTBI occurrence and to identify risk factors associated with LTBI. Results The prevalence of LTBI was 50.5% (95% CI: 46%, 55%) with no significant gender difference (49.8% among males versus 51.2% among females; Chi-square (χ2) = 0.10; P = 0.41) and marginally non-significant increasing trends with age (44.6% among those below 24 years and 59.7% in the age range of 45-64 years; χ2 = 6.91; P = 0.075). Being residence of the Dasanech District (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.30, 5.28; P = 0.007) and having a habit of eating raw meat (AOR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.09, 7.66; P = 0.033) were significantly associated with an increased odds of being positive for LTBI. A large family size (size of 5 to 10) has significant protective effect against associated a reduced odds of being positive for LTBI compared to a family size of below 5 (AOR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.99; P = 0.045). Conclusions A high prevalence of LTBI in the South Omo Zone raises the concern that elimination of TB in the pastoral communities of the region might be difficult. Screening for and testing individuals infected with TB, independent of symptoms, may be an effective way to minimize the risk of disease spread.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-018-5149-7LTBIIGRAPrevalenceSouth OmoEthiopia |
| spellingShingle | Takele Teklu Mengistu Legesse Girmay Medhin Aboma Zewude Mahlet Chanyalew Martha Zewdie Biniam Wondale Milkessa Haile-Mariam Rembert Pieper Gobena Ameni Latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk indicators in pastoral communities in southern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study BMC Public Health LTBI IGRA Prevalence South Omo Ethiopia |
| title | Latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk indicators in pastoral communities in southern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk indicators in pastoral communities in southern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk indicators in pastoral communities in southern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk indicators in pastoral communities in southern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk indicators in pastoral communities in southern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk indicators in pastoral communities in southern ethiopia a community based cross sectional study |
| topic | LTBI IGRA Prevalence South Omo Ethiopia |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-018-5149-7 |
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