Changes in Energy Consumption in Agriculture in the EU Countries
The paper’s main purpose was to identify and present the current situation and changes in energy consumption in agriculture in the European Union (EU) countries. The specific objectives were the determination of the degree of concentration of energy consumption in agriculture in the EU countries, sh...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/6/1570 |
| _version_ | 1797541593752797184 |
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| author | Tomasz Rokicki Aleksandra Perkowska Bogdan Klepacki Piotr Bórawski Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska Konrad Michalski |
| author_facet | Tomasz Rokicki Aleksandra Perkowska Bogdan Klepacki Piotr Bórawski Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska Konrad Michalski |
| author_sort | Tomasz Rokicki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The paper’s main purpose was to identify and present the current situation and changes in energy consumption in agriculture in the European Union (EU) countries. The specific objectives were the determination of the degree of concentration of energy consumption in agriculture in the EU countries, showing the directions of their changes, types of energy used, and changes in this respect, establishing the correlation between energy consumption and changes in the economic and agricultural situation in the EU countries. All member states of the European Union were deliberately selected for research on 31 December 2018 (28 countries). The research period covered the years 2005–2018. The sources of materials were the literature on the subject, and data from Eurostat. Descriptive, tabular, and graphical methods were used to analyze and present materials, dynamics indicators with a stable base, Gini concentration coefficient, concentration analysis using the Lorenz curve, coefficient of variation, Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. A high concentration of energy consumption in agriculture was found in several EU countries, the largest in countries with the largest agricultural sector, i.e., France and Poland. There were practically no changes in the concentration level. Only in the case of renewable energy, a gradual decrease in concentration was visible. More and more countries developed technologies that allow the use of this type of energy. However, the EU countries differed in terms of the structure of the energy sources used. The majority of the basis was liquid fuels, while stable and gaseous fuels were abandoned in favor of electricity and renewable sources—according to which, in the EU countries, the research hypothesis was confirmed: a gradual diversification of energy sources used in agriculture, with a systematic increase in the importance of renewable energy sources. The second research hypothesis was also confirmed, according to which the increase in the consumption of renewable energy in agriculture is closely related to the economy’s parameters. The use of renewable energy is necessary and results from concern for the natural environment. Therefore, economic factors may have a smaller impact. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:18:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2d1e04afd72941988e143d0b58664f54 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:18:10Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-2d1e04afd72941988e143d0b58664f542023-11-21T10:12:14ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-03-01146157010.3390/en14061570Changes in Energy Consumption in Agriculture in the EU CountriesTomasz Rokicki0Aleksandra Perkowska1Bogdan Klepacki2Piotr Bórawski3Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska4Konrad Michalski5Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Agrotechnology and Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Agrotechnology and Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandManagement Institute, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, PolandThe paper’s main purpose was to identify and present the current situation and changes in energy consumption in agriculture in the European Union (EU) countries. The specific objectives were the determination of the degree of concentration of energy consumption in agriculture in the EU countries, showing the directions of their changes, types of energy used, and changes in this respect, establishing the correlation between energy consumption and changes in the economic and agricultural situation in the EU countries. All member states of the European Union were deliberately selected for research on 31 December 2018 (28 countries). The research period covered the years 2005–2018. The sources of materials were the literature on the subject, and data from Eurostat. Descriptive, tabular, and graphical methods were used to analyze and present materials, dynamics indicators with a stable base, Gini concentration coefficient, concentration analysis using the Lorenz curve, coefficient of variation, Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. A high concentration of energy consumption in agriculture was found in several EU countries, the largest in countries with the largest agricultural sector, i.e., France and Poland. There were practically no changes in the concentration level. Only in the case of renewable energy, a gradual decrease in concentration was visible. More and more countries developed technologies that allow the use of this type of energy. However, the EU countries differed in terms of the structure of the energy sources used. The majority of the basis was liquid fuels, while stable and gaseous fuels were abandoned in favor of electricity and renewable sources—according to which, in the EU countries, the research hypothesis was confirmed: a gradual diversification of energy sources used in agriculture, with a systematic increase in the importance of renewable energy sources. The second research hypothesis was also confirmed, according to which the increase in the consumption of renewable energy in agriculture is closely related to the economy’s parameters. The use of renewable energy is necessary and results from concern for the natural environment. Therefore, economic factors may have a smaller impact.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/6/1570energy consumptionagriculturerenewable energy sourcesdevelopment strategiesEU countries |
| spellingShingle | Tomasz Rokicki Aleksandra Perkowska Bogdan Klepacki Piotr Bórawski Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska Konrad Michalski Changes in Energy Consumption in Agriculture in the EU Countries Energies energy consumption agriculture renewable energy sources development strategies EU countries |
| title | Changes in Energy Consumption in Agriculture in the EU Countries |
| title_full | Changes in Energy Consumption in Agriculture in the EU Countries |
| title_fullStr | Changes in Energy Consumption in Agriculture in the EU Countries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in Energy Consumption in Agriculture in the EU Countries |
| title_short | Changes in Energy Consumption in Agriculture in the EU Countries |
| title_sort | changes in energy consumption in agriculture in the eu countries |
| topic | energy consumption agriculture renewable energy sources development strategies EU countries |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/6/1570 |
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