| Summary: | Polyphenols from the <i>Lonicera caerulea</i> L. berry have shown protective effects on experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in our previous studies. As endotoxins from gut bacteria are considered to be the major trigger of inflammation in NAFLD, this study aims to clarify the regulatory effects of <i>L. caerulea</i> L. berry polyphenols (LCBP) on gut microbiota in a high fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse model. C57BL/6N mice were fed with a normal diet, HFD, or HFD containing 0.5⁻1% of LCBP for 45 days. The results revealed that supplementation with LCBP decreased significantly the levels of IL-2, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α in serum, as well as endotoxin levels in both serum and liver in HFD-fed mice. Fecal microbiota characterization by high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that a HFD increased the <i>Firmicutes</i>/<i>Bacteroidetes</i> ratio, and LCBP reduced this ratio by increasing the relative abundance of <i>Bacteroides,</i> <i>Parabacteroides</i>, and another two undefined bacterial genera belonging to the order of <i>Bacteroidales</i> and family of <i>Rikenellaceae</i>, and also by decreasing the relative abundance of six bacterial genera belonging to the phylum <i>Firmicutes</i>, including <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Ruminococcus</i>, and <i>Oscillospira</i>. These data demonstrated that LCBP potentially attenuated inflammation in NAFLD through modulation of gut microbiota, especially the ratio of <i>Firmicutes</i> to <i>Bacteroidetes</i>.
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