Evaluation of In Vitro Genotoxicity of Polystyrene Nanoparticles in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
According to the trade association PlasticEurope, global plastics production increased to 390.7 million tons in 2021. Unfortunately, the majority of produced plastics eventually end up as waste in the ocean or on land. Since synthetic plastics are not fully biodegradable, they tend to persist in nat...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-07-01
|
| Series: | Toxics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/7/627 |
| _version_ | 1797587367467417600 |
|---|---|
| author | Milda Babonaitė Matas Čepulis Jūratė Kazlauskaitė Juozas Rimantas Lazutka |
| author_facet | Milda Babonaitė Matas Čepulis Jūratė Kazlauskaitė Juozas Rimantas Lazutka |
| author_sort | Milda Babonaitė |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | According to the trade association PlasticEurope, global plastics production increased to 390.7 million tons in 2021. Unfortunately, the majority of produced plastics eventually end up as waste in the ocean or on land. Since synthetic plastics are not fully biodegradable, they tend to persist in natural environments and transform into micro- and nanoplastic particles due to fragmentation. The presence of nanoplastics in air, water, and food causes ecotoxicological issues and leads to human exposure. One of the main concerns is their genotoxic potential. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the internalization rates, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. The uptake of PS-NPs was confirmed with flow cytometry light scattering analysis. None of the tested nanoparticle concentrations had a cytotoxic effect on human PBMCs, as evaluated by a dual ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining technique. However, an alkaline comet assay results revealed a significant increase in the levels of primary DNA damage after 24 h of exposure to PS-NPs in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, all tested PS-NPs concentrations induced a significant amount of micronucleated cells, as well. The results of this study revealed the genotoxic potential of commercially manufactured polystyrene nanoparticles and highlighted the need for more studies with naturally occurring plastic NPs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:35:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2d240c00b307401baf8e5ffab4e5861e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:35:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-2d240c00b307401baf8e5ffab4e5861e2023-11-18T21:37:32ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042023-07-0111762710.3390/toxics11070627Evaluation of In Vitro Genotoxicity of Polystyrene Nanoparticles in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear CellsMilda Babonaitė0Matas Čepulis1Jūratė Kazlauskaitė2Juozas Rimantas Lazutka3Department of Botany and Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, 7 Sauletekis Av., LT-10257 Vilnius, LithuaniaDepartment of Botany and Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, 7 Sauletekis Av., LT-10257 Vilnius, LithuaniaDepartment of Botany and Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, 7 Sauletekis Av., LT-10257 Vilnius, LithuaniaDepartment of Botany and Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, 7 Sauletekis Av., LT-10257 Vilnius, LithuaniaAccording to the trade association PlasticEurope, global plastics production increased to 390.7 million tons in 2021. Unfortunately, the majority of produced plastics eventually end up as waste in the ocean or on land. Since synthetic plastics are not fully biodegradable, they tend to persist in natural environments and transform into micro- and nanoplastic particles due to fragmentation. The presence of nanoplastics in air, water, and food causes ecotoxicological issues and leads to human exposure. One of the main concerns is their genotoxic potential. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the internalization rates, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. The uptake of PS-NPs was confirmed with flow cytometry light scattering analysis. None of the tested nanoparticle concentrations had a cytotoxic effect on human PBMCs, as evaluated by a dual ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining technique. However, an alkaline comet assay results revealed a significant increase in the levels of primary DNA damage after 24 h of exposure to PS-NPs in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, all tested PS-NPs concentrations induced a significant amount of micronucleated cells, as well. The results of this study revealed the genotoxic potential of commercially manufactured polystyrene nanoparticles and highlighted the need for more studies with naturally occurring plastic NPs.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/7/627nanoplasticpolystyrene nanoparticlesperipheral blood lymphocytescomet assaymicronucleus assay |
| spellingShingle | Milda Babonaitė Matas Čepulis Jūratė Kazlauskaitė Juozas Rimantas Lazutka Evaluation of In Vitro Genotoxicity of Polystyrene Nanoparticles in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Toxics nanoplastic polystyrene nanoparticles peripheral blood lymphocytes comet assay micronucleus assay |
| title | Evaluation of In Vitro Genotoxicity of Polystyrene Nanoparticles in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells |
| title_full | Evaluation of In Vitro Genotoxicity of Polystyrene Nanoparticles in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of In Vitro Genotoxicity of Polystyrene Nanoparticles in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of In Vitro Genotoxicity of Polystyrene Nanoparticles in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells |
| title_short | Evaluation of In Vitro Genotoxicity of Polystyrene Nanoparticles in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells |
| title_sort | evaluation of in vitro genotoxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
| topic | nanoplastic polystyrene nanoparticles peripheral blood lymphocytes comet assay micronucleus assay |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/7/627 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mildababonaite evaluationofinvitrogenotoxicityofpolystyrenenanoparticlesinhumanperipheralbloodmononuclearcells AT matascepulis evaluationofinvitrogenotoxicityofpolystyrenenanoparticlesinhumanperipheralbloodmononuclearcells AT juratekazlauskaite evaluationofinvitrogenotoxicityofpolystyrenenanoparticlesinhumanperipheralbloodmononuclearcells AT juozasrimantaslazutka evaluationofinvitrogenotoxicityofpolystyrenenanoparticlesinhumanperipheralbloodmononuclearcells |