Precious blood and nourishing offal: past and present slaughtering perspectives in Sámi reindeer pastoralism
Abstract In the Arctic, indigenous reindeer herding peoples rely on a pastoralist food and knowledge system that supplies them with protein, vitamins, and minerals. Reindeer pastoralism is a product of the interaction between animals’ physical needs, their behaviour, and the skills of the herders. T...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Pastoralism |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13570-021-00224-2 |
| _version_ | 1797283779835854848 |
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| author | Ravdna Biret Marja E. Sara Karen Lykke Syse Svein Disch Mathiesen |
| author_facet | Ravdna Biret Marja E. Sara Karen Lykke Syse Svein Disch Mathiesen |
| author_sort | Ravdna Biret Marja E. Sara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In the Arctic, indigenous reindeer herding peoples rely on a pastoralist food and knowledge system that supplies them with protein, vitamins, and minerals. Reindeer pastoralism is a product of the interaction between animals’ physical needs, their behaviour, and the skills of the herders. The food systems of Sámi reindeer pastoralists depend on indigenous knowledge about mountain slaughtering. When the first stationary reindeer slaughterhouse opened in Guovdageaidnu (Northern Norway) in 1957, rationalisation of reindeer husbandry and methods of reindeer slaughter took place. Animal welfare and reindeer slaughter within slaughterhouses are well-documented in Norway; the historical knowledge about slaughtering reindeer in the mountains, however, is barely documented and is in danger of being lost. A qualitative study entailing interviews with five Sámi reindeer herders (50–80 years old) from Guovdageaidnu and Varanger explains indigenous, nomadic methods of killing and slaughtering reindeer. The traditional Sámi way of killing reindeer (Sámi: giehtadit) was to pierce the heart with a large knife through the chest (Sámi: mielga), particularly in the pastures close to where the herd grazed to avoid distressing the reindeer before taking their lives. This allowed reindeer herders to use the whole reindeer for food, unlike the practice in stationary slaughterhouses, which merely utilises select muscles for human consumption. Although the Supreme Court of Norway in 2008 ruled that traditional slaughter practice without stunning was illegal, this historical account provides evidence that the giehtadit method was a rational way to kill a reindeer, as bleeding (haemorrhage) in the thorax offers both high-quality blood, offal, and meat for human consumption. We conclude that the traditional Sámi method is based on systematic, complex, and holistic indigenous knowledge and determines the foods reindeer herders eat. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:36:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2d346126d67c4ede901ad3909e83aeaf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2041-7136 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:36:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pastoralism |
| spelling | doaj.art-2d346126d67c4ede901ad3909e83aeaf2024-03-02T16:39:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Pastoralism2041-71362022-04-0112111610.1186/s13570-021-00224-2Precious blood and nourishing offal: past and present slaughtering perspectives in Sámi reindeer pastoralismRavdna Biret Marja E. Sara0Karen Lykke Syse1Svein Disch Mathiesen2Sámi allaskuvla/Sámi University of Applied SciencesCentre for Development and the Environment, University of OsloSámi allaskuvla/Sámi University of Applied SciencesAbstract In the Arctic, indigenous reindeer herding peoples rely on a pastoralist food and knowledge system that supplies them with protein, vitamins, and minerals. Reindeer pastoralism is a product of the interaction between animals’ physical needs, their behaviour, and the skills of the herders. The food systems of Sámi reindeer pastoralists depend on indigenous knowledge about mountain slaughtering. When the first stationary reindeer slaughterhouse opened in Guovdageaidnu (Northern Norway) in 1957, rationalisation of reindeer husbandry and methods of reindeer slaughter took place. Animal welfare and reindeer slaughter within slaughterhouses are well-documented in Norway; the historical knowledge about slaughtering reindeer in the mountains, however, is barely documented and is in danger of being lost. A qualitative study entailing interviews with five Sámi reindeer herders (50–80 years old) from Guovdageaidnu and Varanger explains indigenous, nomadic methods of killing and slaughtering reindeer. The traditional Sámi way of killing reindeer (Sámi: giehtadit) was to pierce the heart with a large knife through the chest (Sámi: mielga), particularly in the pastures close to where the herd grazed to avoid distressing the reindeer before taking their lives. This allowed reindeer herders to use the whole reindeer for food, unlike the practice in stationary slaughterhouses, which merely utilises select muscles for human consumption. Although the Supreme Court of Norway in 2008 ruled that traditional slaughter practice without stunning was illegal, this historical account provides evidence that the giehtadit method was a rational way to kill a reindeer, as bleeding (haemorrhage) in the thorax offers both high-quality blood, offal, and meat for human consumption. We conclude that the traditional Sámi method is based on systematic, complex, and holistic indigenous knowledge and determines the foods reindeer herders eat.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13570-021-00224-2IndigenousReindeerNomadicWelfare |
| spellingShingle | Ravdna Biret Marja E. Sara Karen Lykke Syse Svein Disch Mathiesen Precious blood and nourishing offal: past and present slaughtering perspectives in Sámi reindeer pastoralism Pastoralism Indigenous Reindeer Nomadic Welfare |
| title | Precious blood and nourishing offal: past and present slaughtering perspectives in Sámi reindeer pastoralism |
| title_full | Precious blood and nourishing offal: past and present slaughtering perspectives in Sámi reindeer pastoralism |
| title_fullStr | Precious blood and nourishing offal: past and present slaughtering perspectives in Sámi reindeer pastoralism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Precious blood and nourishing offal: past and present slaughtering perspectives in Sámi reindeer pastoralism |
| title_short | Precious blood and nourishing offal: past and present slaughtering perspectives in Sámi reindeer pastoralism |
| title_sort | precious blood and nourishing offal past and present slaughtering perspectives in sami reindeer pastoralism |
| topic | Indigenous Reindeer Nomadic Welfare |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13570-021-00224-2 |
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