Effect of Sulfate Concentration on Chloride Diffusion of Concrete under Cyclic Load
The existence of chloride ions, sulfate ions, and vehicle dynamic loads may lead to a shortened service life and premature failure of the road and bridge structures in northwestern China. Immersed in a dual-salt solution while simultaneously applying cyclic flexural loads, the free chloride ion conc...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/6/2036 |
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| author | Demei Yu Chao Feng Tengfei Fu Aiqin Shen |
| author_facet | Demei Yu Chao Feng Tengfei Fu Aiqin Shen |
| author_sort | Demei Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The existence of chloride ions, sulfate ions, and vehicle dynamic loads may lead to a shortened service life and premature failure of the road and bridge structures in northwestern China. Immersed in a dual-salt solution while simultaneously applying cyclic flexural loads, the free chloride ion concentration and erosion depth in concrete specimens were measured. The influence of the sulfate concentration on the apparent surface chloride concentration (<i>C</i><sub>s</sub>) and apparent diffusion coefficient (<i>D</i><sub>app</sub>) was studied. An exponential model was used to fit the <i>C</i><sub>s</sub>, and the influence of sulfate concentration on the <i>C</i><sub>s</sub> was analyzed. The result showed that cyclic loading and solution concentration were two primary factors affecting chloride diffusion. Meanwhile, compared with the emersion conditions, dynamic loading would induce significantly accelerated chloride ion penetration. Under the coupling effect of sulfate and dynamic loading, as the sulfate concentration increased, the chloride ion concentration and erosion depth were both decreased. The existence of sulfate ions improved the chloride ion penetration resistance of concrete. The results provide insight in designing concrete in regions where multiple salt ingression (sulfate and chloride) is a major durability issue of the structures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:29:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2d3522ca9e354875b83f5dc793f90500 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:29:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-2d3522ca9e354875b83f5dc793f905002023-11-30T21:18:40ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-03-01156203610.3390/ma15062036Effect of Sulfate Concentration on Chloride Diffusion of Concrete under Cyclic LoadDemei Yu0Chao Feng1Tengfei Fu2Aiqin Shen3College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, ChinaCollege of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, ChinaCollege of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, ChinaSchool of Highway, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, ChinaThe existence of chloride ions, sulfate ions, and vehicle dynamic loads may lead to a shortened service life and premature failure of the road and bridge structures in northwestern China. Immersed in a dual-salt solution while simultaneously applying cyclic flexural loads, the free chloride ion concentration and erosion depth in concrete specimens were measured. The influence of the sulfate concentration on the apparent surface chloride concentration (<i>C</i><sub>s</sub>) and apparent diffusion coefficient (<i>D</i><sub>app</sub>) was studied. An exponential model was used to fit the <i>C</i><sub>s</sub>, and the influence of sulfate concentration on the <i>C</i><sub>s</sub> was analyzed. The result showed that cyclic loading and solution concentration were two primary factors affecting chloride diffusion. Meanwhile, compared with the emersion conditions, dynamic loading would induce significantly accelerated chloride ion penetration. Under the coupling effect of sulfate and dynamic loading, as the sulfate concentration increased, the chloride ion concentration and erosion depth were both decreased. The existence of sulfate ions improved the chloride ion penetration resistance of concrete. The results provide insight in designing concrete in regions where multiple salt ingression (sulfate and chloride) is a major durability issue of the structures.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/6/2036concretedynamic flexural loadingcyclicsulfatechlorideion transport |
| spellingShingle | Demei Yu Chao Feng Tengfei Fu Aiqin Shen Effect of Sulfate Concentration on Chloride Diffusion of Concrete under Cyclic Load Materials concrete dynamic flexural loading cyclic sulfate chloride ion transport |
| title | Effect of Sulfate Concentration on Chloride Diffusion of Concrete under Cyclic Load |
| title_full | Effect of Sulfate Concentration on Chloride Diffusion of Concrete under Cyclic Load |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Sulfate Concentration on Chloride Diffusion of Concrete under Cyclic Load |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Sulfate Concentration on Chloride Diffusion of Concrete under Cyclic Load |
| title_short | Effect of Sulfate Concentration on Chloride Diffusion of Concrete under Cyclic Load |
| title_sort | effect of sulfate concentration on chloride diffusion of concrete under cyclic load |
| topic | concrete dynamic flexural loading cyclic sulfate chloride ion transport |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/6/2036 |
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