Plant Extracts for Type 2 Diabetes: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the largest public health problems worldwide. Insulin resistance-related metabolic dysfunction and chronic hyperglycemia result in devastating complications and poor prognosis. Even though there are many conventional drugs such as metformin (MET), Thiazolidi...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/1/81 |
| _version_ | 1797414227369000960 |
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| author | Jinjoo Lee Seungjin Noh Suhyun Lim Bonglee Kim |
| author_facet | Jinjoo Lee Seungjin Noh Suhyun Lim Bonglee Kim |
| author_sort | Jinjoo Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the largest public health problems worldwide. Insulin resistance-related metabolic dysfunction and chronic hyperglycemia result in devastating complications and poor prognosis. Even though there are many conventional drugs such as metformin (MET), Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), sulfonylureas (SUF), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, side effects still exist. As numerous plant extracts with antidiabetic effects have been widely reported, they have the potential to be a great therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes with less side effects. In this study, sixty-five recent studies regarding plant extracts that alleviate type 2 diabetes were reviewed. Plant extracts regulated blood glucose through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of plant extracts suppressed c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, which induce insulin resistance. Lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, which are also associated with insulin resistance, are regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. This review focuses on discovering plant extracts that alleviate type 2 diabetes and exploring its therapeutic mechanisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:29:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2d36e575103a430693f70e36c0fbc677 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:29:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-2d36e575103a430693f70e36c0fbc6772023-12-03T12:33:41ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-01-011018110.3390/antiox10010081Plant Extracts for Type 2 Diabetes: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug DiscoveryJinjoo Lee0Seungjin Noh1Suhyun Lim2Bonglee Kim3College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the largest public health problems worldwide. Insulin resistance-related metabolic dysfunction and chronic hyperglycemia result in devastating complications and poor prognosis. Even though there are many conventional drugs such as metformin (MET), Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), sulfonylureas (SUF), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, side effects still exist. As numerous plant extracts with antidiabetic effects have been widely reported, they have the potential to be a great therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes with less side effects. In this study, sixty-five recent studies regarding plant extracts that alleviate type 2 diabetes were reviewed. Plant extracts regulated blood glucose through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of plant extracts suppressed c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, which induce insulin resistance. Lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, which are also associated with insulin resistance, are regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. This review focuses on discovering plant extracts that alleviate type 2 diabetes and exploring its therapeutic mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/1/81diabetes mellitusplant extractsantioxidantglucose transportinflammationlipid metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Jinjoo Lee Seungjin Noh Suhyun Lim Bonglee Kim Plant Extracts for Type 2 Diabetes: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery Antioxidants diabetes mellitus plant extracts antioxidant glucose transport inflammation lipid metabolism |
| title | Plant Extracts for Type 2 Diabetes: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery |
| title_full | Plant Extracts for Type 2 Diabetes: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery |
| title_fullStr | Plant Extracts for Type 2 Diabetes: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plant Extracts for Type 2 Diabetes: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery |
| title_short | Plant Extracts for Type 2 Diabetes: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery |
| title_sort | plant extracts for type 2 diabetes from traditional medicine to modern drug discovery |
| topic | diabetes mellitus plant extracts antioxidant glucose transport inflammation lipid metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/1/81 |
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