Genome-Editing Technologies: Concept, Pros, and Cons of Various Genome-Editing Techniques and Bioethical Concerns for Clinical Application
The traditional healthcare system is at the doorstep for entering into the arena of molecular medicine. The enormous knowledge and ongoing research have now been able to demonstrate methodologies that can alter DNA coding. The techniques used to edit or change the genome evolved from the earlier att...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Molecular Therapy: Nucleic Acids |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2162253119300587 |
| _version_ | 1819077493271822336 |
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| author | Sikandar Hayat Khan |
| author_facet | Sikandar Hayat Khan |
| author_sort | Sikandar Hayat Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The traditional healthcare system is at the doorstep for entering into the arena of molecular medicine. The enormous knowledge and ongoing research have now been able to demonstrate methodologies that can alter DNA coding. The techniques used to edit or change the genome evolved from the earlier attempts like nuclease technologies, homing endonucleases, and certain chemical methods. Molecular techniques like meganuclease, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) initially emerged as genome-editing technologies. These initial technologies suffer from lower specificity due to their off-targets side effects. Moreover, from biotechnology’s perspective, the main obstacle was to develop simple but effective delivery methods for host cell entry. Later, small RNAs, including microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), have been widely adopted in the research laboratories to replace lab animals and cell lines. The latest discovery of CRISPR/Cas9 technology seems more encouraging by providing better efficiency, feasibility, and multi-role clinical application. This later biotechnology seem to take genome-engineering techniques to the next level of molecular engineering. This review generally discusses the various gene-editing technologies in terms of the mechanisms of action, advantages, and side effects. Keywords: transcription activator-like effector nucleases, TALENs, zinc-finger nucleases, ZFNs, RNAi, CRISPR/Cas9 technology |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T18:58:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2d40c5f0354b4b4f8f6fc1ab4364ae5e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2162-2531 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T18:58:04Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Therapy: Nucleic Acids |
| spelling | doaj.art-2d40c5f0354b4b4f8f6fc1ab4364ae5e2022-12-21T18:53:34ZengElsevierMolecular Therapy: Nucleic Acids2162-25312019-06-0116326334Genome-Editing Technologies: Concept, Pros, and Cons of Various Genome-Editing Techniques and Bioethical Concerns for Clinical ApplicationSikandar Hayat Khan0Department of Pathology, PNS HAFEEZ Hospital, Pathology E-8, Islamabad, Islamabad 44400, Pakistan; Corresponding author: Sikandar Hayat Khan, Department of Pathology, PNS HAFEEZ Hospital, Pathology E-8, Islamabad, Islamabad 44400, Pakistan.The traditional healthcare system is at the doorstep for entering into the arena of molecular medicine. The enormous knowledge and ongoing research have now been able to demonstrate methodologies that can alter DNA coding. The techniques used to edit or change the genome evolved from the earlier attempts like nuclease technologies, homing endonucleases, and certain chemical methods. Molecular techniques like meganuclease, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) initially emerged as genome-editing technologies. These initial technologies suffer from lower specificity due to their off-targets side effects. Moreover, from biotechnology’s perspective, the main obstacle was to develop simple but effective delivery methods for host cell entry. Later, small RNAs, including microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), have been widely adopted in the research laboratories to replace lab animals and cell lines. The latest discovery of CRISPR/Cas9 technology seems more encouraging by providing better efficiency, feasibility, and multi-role clinical application. This later biotechnology seem to take genome-engineering techniques to the next level of molecular engineering. This review generally discusses the various gene-editing technologies in terms of the mechanisms of action, advantages, and side effects. Keywords: transcription activator-like effector nucleases, TALENs, zinc-finger nucleases, ZFNs, RNAi, CRISPR/Cas9 technologyhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2162253119300587 |
| spellingShingle | Sikandar Hayat Khan Genome-Editing Technologies: Concept, Pros, and Cons of Various Genome-Editing Techniques and Bioethical Concerns for Clinical Application Molecular Therapy: Nucleic Acids |
| title | Genome-Editing Technologies: Concept, Pros, and Cons of Various Genome-Editing Techniques and Bioethical Concerns for Clinical Application |
| title_full | Genome-Editing Technologies: Concept, Pros, and Cons of Various Genome-Editing Techniques and Bioethical Concerns for Clinical Application |
| title_fullStr | Genome-Editing Technologies: Concept, Pros, and Cons of Various Genome-Editing Techniques and Bioethical Concerns for Clinical Application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome-Editing Technologies: Concept, Pros, and Cons of Various Genome-Editing Techniques and Bioethical Concerns for Clinical Application |
| title_short | Genome-Editing Technologies: Concept, Pros, and Cons of Various Genome-Editing Techniques and Bioethical Concerns for Clinical Application |
| title_sort | genome editing technologies concept pros and cons of various genome editing techniques and bioethical concerns for clinical application |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2162253119300587 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sikandarhayatkhan genomeeditingtechnologiesconceptprosandconsofvariousgenomeeditingtechniquesandbioethicalconcernsforclinicalapplication |