Young’s Modulus-Independent Determination of Fibre Parameters for Rayleigh-Based Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry from Cryogenic Temperatures up to 353 K
The magnetic spectrometer AMS-100, which includes a superconducting coil, is designed to measure cosmic rays and detect cosmic antimatter in space. This extreme environment requires a suitable sensing solution to monitor critical changes in the structure such as the beginning of a quench in the supe...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| author | Caroline Girmen Clemens Dittmar Thorsten Siedenburg Markus Gastens Michael Wlochal Niels König Kai-Uwe Schröder Stefan Schael Robert H. Schmitt |
| author_facet | Caroline Girmen Clemens Dittmar Thorsten Siedenburg Markus Gastens Michael Wlochal Niels König Kai-Uwe Schröder Stefan Schael Robert H. Schmitt |
| author_sort | Caroline Girmen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The magnetic spectrometer AMS-100, which includes a superconducting coil, is designed to measure cosmic rays and detect cosmic antimatter in space. This extreme environment requires a suitable sensing solution to monitor critical changes in the structure such as the beginning of a quench in the superconducting coil. Rayleigh-scattering-based distributed optical fibre sensors (DOFS) fulfil the high requirements for these extreme conditions but require precise calibration of the temperature and strain coefficients of the optical fibre. Therefore, the fibre-dependent strain and temperature coefficients <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>K</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>K</mi><mi>ϵ</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> for the temperature range from 77 K to 353 K were investigated in this study. The fibre was integrated into an aluminium tensile test sample with well-calibrated strain gauges to determine the fibre’s <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>K</mi><mi>ϵ</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> independently of its Young’s modulus. Simulations were used to validate that the strain caused by changes in temperature or mechanical conditions was the same in the optical fibre as in the aluminium test sample. The results indicated a linear temperature dependence of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>K</mi><mi>ϵ</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> and a non-linear temperature dependence of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>K</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>. With the parameters presented in this work, it was possible to accurately determine the strain or temperature of an aluminium structure over the entire temperature range from 77 K to 353 K using the DOFS. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-2d4363b9f958495fa15635b52bd39e262023-11-18T03:09:49ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-05-012310460710.3390/s23104607Young’s Modulus-Independent Determination of Fibre Parameters for Rayleigh-Based Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry from Cryogenic Temperatures up to 353 KCaroline Girmen0Clemens Dittmar1Thorsten Siedenburg2Markus Gastens3Michael Wlochal4Niels König5Kai-Uwe Schröder6Stefan Schael7Robert H. Schmitt8Department Production Metrology, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Steinbachstraße 17, 52074 Aachen, GermanyI Physics Institute B, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52062 Aachen, GermanyI Physics Institute B, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52062 Aachen, GermanyInstitute of Structural Mechanics and Lightweight Design, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52062 Aachen, GermanyI Physics Institute B, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52062 Aachen, GermanyDepartment Production Metrology, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Steinbachstraße 17, 52074 Aachen, GermanyInstitute of Structural Mechanics and Lightweight Design, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52062 Aachen, GermanyI Physics Institute B, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52062 Aachen, GermanyDepartment Production Metrology, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Steinbachstraße 17, 52074 Aachen, GermanyThe magnetic spectrometer AMS-100, which includes a superconducting coil, is designed to measure cosmic rays and detect cosmic antimatter in space. This extreme environment requires a suitable sensing solution to monitor critical changes in the structure such as the beginning of a quench in the superconducting coil. Rayleigh-scattering-based distributed optical fibre sensors (DOFS) fulfil the high requirements for these extreme conditions but require precise calibration of the temperature and strain coefficients of the optical fibre. Therefore, the fibre-dependent strain and temperature coefficients <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>K</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>K</mi><mi>ϵ</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> for the temperature range from 77 K to 353 K were investigated in this study. The fibre was integrated into an aluminium tensile test sample with well-calibrated strain gauges to determine the fibre’s <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>K</mi><mi>ϵ</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> independently of its Young’s modulus. Simulations were used to validate that the strain caused by changes in temperature or mechanical conditions was the same in the optical fibre as in the aluminium test sample. The results indicated a linear temperature dependence of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>K</mi><mi>ϵ</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> and a non-linear temperature dependence of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>K</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>. With the parameters presented in this work, it was possible to accurately determine the strain or temperature of an aluminium structure over the entire temperature range from 77 K to 353 K using the DOFS.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4607optical fibre sensorOFDRcalibrationstraincryogenic temperatureAMS-100 |
| spellingShingle | Caroline Girmen Clemens Dittmar Thorsten Siedenburg Markus Gastens Michael Wlochal Niels König Kai-Uwe Schröder Stefan Schael Robert H. Schmitt Young’s Modulus-Independent Determination of Fibre Parameters for Rayleigh-Based Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry from Cryogenic Temperatures up to 353 K Sensors optical fibre sensor OFDR calibration strain cryogenic temperature AMS-100 |
| title | Young’s Modulus-Independent Determination of Fibre Parameters for Rayleigh-Based Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry from Cryogenic Temperatures up to 353 K |
| title_full | Young’s Modulus-Independent Determination of Fibre Parameters for Rayleigh-Based Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry from Cryogenic Temperatures up to 353 K |
| title_fullStr | Young’s Modulus-Independent Determination of Fibre Parameters for Rayleigh-Based Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry from Cryogenic Temperatures up to 353 K |
| title_full_unstemmed | Young’s Modulus-Independent Determination of Fibre Parameters for Rayleigh-Based Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry from Cryogenic Temperatures up to 353 K |
| title_short | Young’s Modulus-Independent Determination of Fibre Parameters for Rayleigh-Based Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry from Cryogenic Temperatures up to 353 K |
| title_sort | young s modulus independent determination of fibre parameters for rayleigh based optical frequency domain reflectometry from cryogenic temperatures up to 353 k |
| topic | optical fibre sensor OFDR calibration strain cryogenic temperature AMS-100 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4607 |
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