| Summary: | The disturbance of intestinal microorganisms and the exacerbation of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are mutually influenced. In this study, the effect of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> JY039 on the adhesion of <i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i> JY062 was investigated, as well as their preventive efficacy against T2D. The results showed that the EPS isolated from <i>L. plantarum</i> JY039 effectively improved the adhesion rate of <i>L. paracasei</i> JY062 to Caco-2 cells (1.8 times) and promoted the proliferation of <i>L. paracasei</i> JY062. In the mice experiment, EPS, <i>L. paracasei</i> JY062 and their complex altered the structure of the intestinal microbiota, which elevated the proportion of <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Faecalibaculum</i>, while inversely decreasing the proportion of <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae</i> and other bacteria involved in energy metabolism (<i>p</i> < 0.01; <i>p</i> < 0.05); enhanced the intestinal barrier function; promoted secretion of the gut hormone peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1); and reduced inflammation by balancing pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-α and anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 (<i>p</i> < 0.01; <i>p</i> < 0.05). These results illustrate that EPS and <i>L. paracasei</i> JY062 have the synbiotic potential to prevent and alleviate T2D.
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