The role of inflammatory cytokines in anemia and gastrointestinal mucosal injury induced by foot electric stimulation
Abstract Foot electrical stimulation (FES) has been considered as a classic stressor that can disturb homeostasis. Acute anemia was observed in the model induced by FES. The aim of this study was to explore the role of inflammatory cytokines underlying the acute anemia and gastrointestinal (GI) muco...
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Nature Portfolio
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82604-7 |
| _version_ | 1818843031218946048 |
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| author | Fangcheng Fan Yangwen Ai Ting Sun Shuran Li Hua Liu Xiaojie Shi Ziqian Zhang Qingshan Liu Yong Cheng |
| author_facet | Fangcheng Fan Yangwen Ai Ting Sun Shuran Li Hua Liu Xiaojie Shi Ziqian Zhang Qingshan Liu Yong Cheng |
| author_sort | Fangcheng Fan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Foot electrical stimulation (FES) has been considered as a classic stressor that can disturb homeostasis. Acute anemia was observed in the model induced by FES. The aim of this study was to explore the role of inflammatory cytokines underlying the acute anemia and gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal injury in the FES. Twenty-four male Kunming mice (20 ± 2 g) were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. The mice were placed in a footshock chamber that can generate 0.5 mA electrical impulse periodically for 0.5 h. After the process, red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit, the levels of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) in serum and hypothalamus, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in serum and pituitary were detected separately. In addition, we investigated the expressions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and IL-10) in the hypothalamus and duodenum by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results showed that this FES model induced anemia, increased CRH and ACTH activity in the serum after the FES. Moreover, the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS were significantly increased following the process, while IL-10 was not activated. These findings suggest that anemia, the inflammatory cytokines in the hypothalamus and duodenum of the mice in the model induced by FES is closely related to GI mucosal injury/bleeding. Taken together, these results underscore the importance of anemia, GI mucosal injury/bleeding and stress, future studies would be needed to translate these findings into the benefit of affected patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T04:51:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2d64b4bf6350415888ff08e0a4af53e8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T04:51:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-2d64b4bf6350415888ff08e0a4af53e82022-12-21T20:35:20ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222021-02-011111910.1038/s41598-021-82604-7The role of inflammatory cytokines in anemia and gastrointestinal mucosal injury induced by foot electric stimulationFangcheng Fan0Yangwen Ai1Ting Sun2Shuran Li3Hua Liu4Xiaojie Shi5Ziqian Zhang6Qingshan Liu7Yong Cheng8Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Center On Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of ChinaKey Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Center On Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of ChinaKey Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Center On Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of ChinaKey Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Center On Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of ChinaKey Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Center On Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of ChinaKey Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Center On Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of ChinaInstitute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeKey Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Center On Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of ChinaKey Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Center On Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of ChinaAbstract Foot electrical stimulation (FES) has been considered as a classic stressor that can disturb homeostasis. Acute anemia was observed in the model induced by FES. The aim of this study was to explore the role of inflammatory cytokines underlying the acute anemia and gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal injury in the FES. Twenty-four male Kunming mice (20 ± 2 g) were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. The mice were placed in a footshock chamber that can generate 0.5 mA electrical impulse periodically for 0.5 h. After the process, red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit, the levels of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) in serum and hypothalamus, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in serum and pituitary were detected separately. In addition, we investigated the expressions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and IL-10) in the hypothalamus and duodenum by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results showed that this FES model induced anemia, increased CRH and ACTH activity in the serum after the FES. Moreover, the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS were significantly increased following the process, while IL-10 was not activated. These findings suggest that anemia, the inflammatory cytokines in the hypothalamus and duodenum of the mice in the model induced by FES is closely related to GI mucosal injury/bleeding. Taken together, these results underscore the importance of anemia, GI mucosal injury/bleeding and stress, future studies would be needed to translate these findings into the benefit of affected patients.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82604-7 |
| spellingShingle | Fangcheng Fan Yangwen Ai Ting Sun Shuran Li Hua Liu Xiaojie Shi Ziqian Zhang Qingshan Liu Yong Cheng The role of inflammatory cytokines in anemia and gastrointestinal mucosal injury induced by foot electric stimulation Scientific Reports |
| title | The role of inflammatory cytokines in anemia and gastrointestinal mucosal injury induced by foot electric stimulation |
| title_full | The role of inflammatory cytokines in anemia and gastrointestinal mucosal injury induced by foot electric stimulation |
| title_fullStr | The role of inflammatory cytokines in anemia and gastrointestinal mucosal injury induced by foot electric stimulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of inflammatory cytokines in anemia and gastrointestinal mucosal injury induced by foot electric stimulation |
| title_short | The role of inflammatory cytokines in anemia and gastrointestinal mucosal injury induced by foot electric stimulation |
| title_sort | role of inflammatory cytokines in anemia and gastrointestinal mucosal injury induced by foot electric stimulation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82604-7 |
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