Dual effects of NV-CoV-2 biomimetic polymer: An antiviral regimen against COVID-19.
Remdesivir (RDV) is the only antiviral drug approved for COVID-19 therapy by the FDA. Another drug LAGEVRIO™ (molnupiravir) though has not been approved yet by FDA but has been authorized on December 23, 2021, for emergency use to treat adults with mild-to moderate COVID-19 symptoms and for whom alt...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2022-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278963 |
| _version_ | 1811177201963368448 |
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| author | Ashok Chakraborty Anil Diwan Vijetha Chiniga Vinod Arora Preetam Holkar Yogesh Thakur Jay Tatake Randall Barton Neelam Holkar Rajesh Pandey Bethany Pond |
| author_facet | Ashok Chakraborty Anil Diwan Vijetha Chiniga Vinod Arora Preetam Holkar Yogesh Thakur Jay Tatake Randall Barton Neelam Holkar Rajesh Pandey Bethany Pond |
| author_sort | Ashok Chakraborty |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Remdesivir (RDV) is the only antiviral drug approved for COVID-19 therapy by the FDA. Another drug LAGEVRIO™ (molnupiravir) though has not been approved yet by FDA but has been authorized on December 23, 2021, for emergency use to treat adults with mild-to moderate COVID-19 symptoms and for whom alternative COVID-19 treatment options are not clinically appropriate. The fact is that the efficacy of RDV is, however, limited in vivo though it is highly promising in vitro against SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this paper we are focusing on the action mechanism of RDV and how it can be improved in vivo. The stability of RDV alone and on encapsulation with our platform technology based polymer NV-387 (NV-CoV-2), were compared in presence of plasma in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, a non-clinical pharmacology study of NV-CoV-2 (Polymer) and NV CoV-2 (Polymer encapsulated Remdesivir) in both NL-63 infected and uninfected rats was done. In addition, the antiviral activity of NV-CoV-2 and NV-CoV-2-R was compared with RDV in a cell culture study. The results are (i) NV-CoV-2 polymer encapsulation protects RDV from plasma-mediated catabolism in both in vitro and in vivo, studies; (ii) Body weight measurements of the normal (uninfected) rats after administration of the test materials (NV-CoV-2 and NV-CoV-2-R) showed no toxic effects. (iii) Body weight measurements and survival rates of the NL-63 infected rats were similar to the uninfected rats after treatment with NV-CoV-2 and NV-CoV-2-R. Overall, the efficacy as an antiviral regimens were found in this order as below; NV-CoV-2-R > NV-CoV-2 > RDV. Our platform technology based NV-387-encapsulated-RDV (NV-CoV-2-R) drug has a dual effect against different variants of the coronaviruses. First, NV-CoV-2 is an antiviral regimen. Secondly, RDV is protected from plasma-mediated degradation in transit. All together, NV-CoV-2-R is the safest and efficient regimen against COVID-19. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T22:58:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2d65c25b88ae4e29ae05b4ebbcde526e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T22:58:49Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-2d65c25b88ae4e29ae05b4ebbcde526e2023-01-14T05:31:14ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032022-01-011712e027896310.1371/journal.pone.0278963Dual effects of NV-CoV-2 biomimetic polymer: An antiviral regimen against COVID-19.Ashok ChakrabortyAnil DiwanVijetha ChinigaVinod AroraPreetam HolkarYogesh ThakurJay TatakeRandall BartonNeelam HolkarRajesh PandeyBethany PondRemdesivir (RDV) is the only antiviral drug approved for COVID-19 therapy by the FDA. Another drug LAGEVRIO™ (molnupiravir) though has not been approved yet by FDA but has been authorized on December 23, 2021, for emergency use to treat adults with mild-to moderate COVID-19 symptoms and for whom alternative COVID-19 treatment options are not clinically appropriate. The fact is that the efficacy of RDV is, however, limited in vivo though it is highly promising in vitro against SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this paper we are focusing on the action mechanism of RDV and how it can be improved in vivo. The stability of RDV alone and on encapsulation with our platform technology based polymer NV-387 (NV-CoV-2), were compared in presence of plasma in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, a non-clinical pharmacology study of NV-CoV-2 (Polymer) and NV CoV-2 (Polymer encapsulated Remdesivir) in both NL-63 infected and uninfected rats was done. In addition, the antiviral activity of NV-CoV-2 and NV-CoV-2-R was compared with RDV in a cell culture study. The results are (i) NV-CoV-2 polymer encapsulation protects RDV from plasma-mediated catabolism in both in vitro and in vivo, studies; (ii) Body weight measurements of the normal (uninfected) rats after administration of the test materials (NV-CoV-2 and NV-CoV-2-R) showed no toxic effects. (iii) Body weight measurements and survival rates of the NL-63 infected rats were similar to the uninfected rats after treatment with NV-CoV-2 and NV-CoV-2-R. Overall, the efficacy as an antiviral regimens were found in this order as below; NV-CoV-2-R > NV-CoV-2 > RDV. Our platform technology based NV-387-encapsulated-RDV (NV-CoV-2-R) drug has a dual effect against different variants of the coronaviruses. First, NV-CoV-2 is an antiviral regimen. Secondly, RDV is protected from plasma-mediated degradation in transit. All together, NV-CoV-2-R is the safest and efficient regimen against COVID-19.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278963 |
| spellingShingle | Ashok Chakraborty Anil Diwan Vijetha Chiniga Vinod Arora Preetam Holkar Yogesh Thakur Jay Tatake Randall Barton Neelam Holkar Rajesh Pandey Bethany Pond Dual effects of NV-CoV-2 biomimetic polymer: An antiviral regimen against COVID-19. PLoS ONE |
| title | Dual effects of NV-CoV-2 biomimetic polymer: An antiviral regimen against COVID-19. |
| title_full | Dual effects of NV-CoV-2 biomimetic polymer: An antiviral regimen against COVID-19. |
| title_fullStr | Dual effects of NV-CoV-2 biomimetic polymer: An antiviral regimen against COVID-19. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dual effects of NV-CoV-2 biomimetic polymer: An antiviral regimen against COVID-19. |
| title_short | Dual effects of NV-CoV-2 biomimetic polymer: An antiviral regimen against COVID-19. |
| title_sort | dual effects of nv cov 2 biomimetic polymer an antiviral regimen against covid 19 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278963 |
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