Greywater generation and reuse among residents of low-income urban settlements in the Oforikrom Municipal Assembly, Ghana
Greywater management in Ghana has yet to receive the needed attention even though its current generation and reuse practices pose severe environmental and public health concerns, including odour nuisance, groundwater pollution, and risks from pathogens. This study examined the current greywater gene...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IWA Publishing
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://washdev.iwaponline.com/content/13/8/551 |
| _version_ | 1797689401483984896 |
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| author | Barbara Gyapong-Korsah Godwin Armstrong Duku Eugene Appiah-Effah Kingsley Boakye Bismark Dwumfour-Asare Helen Michelle Korkor Essandoh Kwabena Biritwum Nyarko |
| author_facet | Barbara Gyapong-Korsah Godwin Armstrong Duku Eugene Appiah-Effah Kingsley Boakye Bismark Dwumfour-Asare Helen Michelle Korkor Essandoh Kwabena Biritwum Nyarko |
| author_sort | Barbara Gyapong-Korsah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Greywater management in Ghana has yet to receive the needed attention even though its current generation and reuse practices pose severe environmental and public health concerns, including odour nuisance, groundwater pollution, and risks from pathogens. This study examined the current greywater generation and reuse patterns among low-income urban residents in Kumasi, Ghana. Data were collected from three communities (Ayeduase, Kotei, and Twumduase) through cluster sampling, and a total of 458 questionnaires were administered to households. The average amount of greywater generated for various activities in low-income urban settlements was 53.7 l/c/d. The results showed that greywater reuse is not common among the study participants, but those who reuse it prefer laundry to kitchen and bathroom greywater. The proportion of greywater reuse was estimated at 20.1%, with 2.6, 0.9, and 17.9% of households reusing greywater from the kitchen, bathroom, and laundry, respectively. Factors that significantly influenced greywater reuse included age, the community of residence, and the type of house. The study suggests that increased education and awareness about greywater treatment, reuse, and impacts in low-income urban communities could lead to increased participation in its management.
HIGHLIGHTS
The average amount of greywater generated in low-income urban settlements is determined.;
Data for planning are available.;
Factors influencing greywater reuse are determined.;
Community members have become aware of the opportunities for greywater reuse.;
Education needed for the implementation of greywater treatment and management systems.; |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T01:45:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2d7c27ab952e42979673990d63fe9c12 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2043-9083 2408-9362 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T01:45:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development |
| spelling | doaj.art-2d7c27ab952e42979673990d63fe9c122023-09-09T08:21:24ZengIWA PublishingJournal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development2043-90832408-93622023-08-0113855156510.2166/washdev.2023.009009Greywater generation and reuse among residents of low-income urban settlements in the Oforikrom Municipal Assembly, GhanaBarbara Gyapong-Korsah0Godwin Armstrong Duku1Eugene Appiah-Effah2Kingsley Boakye3Bismark Dwumfour-Asare4Helen Michelle Korkor Essandoh5Kwabena Biritwum Nyarko6 Regional Water and Environmental Sanitation Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana Regional Water and Environmental Sanitation Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana Regional Water and Environmental Sanitation Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana Department of Environmental Health and Sanitation, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Mampong, Ghana Regional Water and Environmental Sanitation Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana Regional Water and Environmental Sanitation Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana Greywater management in Ghana has yet to receive the needed attention even though its current generation and reuse practices pose severe environmental and public health concerns, including odour nuisance, groundwater pollution, and risks from pathogens. This study examined the current greywater generation and reuse patterns among low-income urban residents in Kumasi, Ghana. Data were collected from three communities (Ayeduase, Kotei, and Twumduase) through cluster sampling, and a total of 458 questionnaires were administered to households. The average amount of greywater generated for various activities in low-income urban settlements was 53.7 l/c/d. The results showed that greywater reuse is not common among the study participants, but those who reuse it prefer laundry to kitchen and bathroom greywater. The proportion of greywater reuse was estimated at 20.1%, with 2.6, 0.9, and 17.9% of households reusing greywater from the kitchen, bathroom, and laundry, respectively. Factors that significantly influenced greywater reuse included age, the community of residence, and the type of house. The study suggests that increased education and awareness about greywater treatment, reuse, and impacts in low-income urban communities could lead to increased participation in its management. HIGHLIGHTS The average amount of greywater generated in low-income urban settlements is determined.; Data for planning are available.; Factors influencing greywater reuse are determined.; Community members have become aware of the opportunities for greywater reuse.; Education needed for the implementation of greywater treatment and management systems.;http://washdev.iwaponline.com/content/13/8/551generation patterngreywaterlow-income urban settlementreuse |
| spellingShingle | Barbara Gyapong-Korsah Godwin Armstrong Duku Eugene Appiah-Effah Kingsley Boakye Bismark Dwumfour-Asare Helen Michelle Korkor Essandoh Kwabena Biritwum Nyarko Greywater generation and reuse among residents of low-income urban settlements in the Oforikrom Municipal Assembly, Ghana Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development generation pattern greywater low-income urban settlement reuse |
| title | Greywater generation and reuse among residents of low-income urban settlements in the Oforikrom Municipal Assembly, Ghana |
| title_full | Greywater generation and reuse among residents of low-income urban settlements in the Oforikrom Municipal Assembly, Ghana |
| title_fullStr | Greywater generation and reuse among residents of low-income urban settlements in the Oforikrom Municipal Assembly, Ghana |
| title_full_unstemmed | Greywater generation and reuse among residents of low-income urban settlements in the Oforikrom Municipal Assembly, Ghana |
| title_short | Greywater generation and reuse among residents of low-income urban settlements in the Oforikrom Municipal Assembly, Ghana |
| title_sort | greywater generation and reuse among residents of low income urban settlements in the oforikrom municipal assembly ghana |
| topic | generation pattern greywater low-income urban settlement reuse |
| url | http://washdev.iwaponline.com/content/13/8/551 |
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