Molecular Mechanisms of Western Diet-Induced Obesity and Obesity-Related Carcinogenesis—A Narrative Review
The present study aims to provide a narrative review of the molecular mechanisms of Western diet-induced obesity and obesity-related carcinogenesis. A literature search of the Cochrane Library, Embase and Pubmed databases, Google Scholar and the grey literature was conducted. Most of the molecular m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/5/675 |
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| author | Dhruvi Lathigara Devesh Kaushal Robert Beaumont Wilson |
| author_facet | Dhruvi Lathigara Devesh Kaushal Robert Beaumont Wilson |
| author_sort | Dhruvi Lathigara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study aims to provide a narrative review of the molecular mechanisms of Western diet-induced obesity and obesity-related carcinogenesis. A literature search of the Cochrane Library, Embase and Pubmed databases, Google Scholar and the grey literature was conducted. Most of the molecular mechanisms that induce obesity are also involved in the twelve Hallmarks of Cancer, with the fundamental process being the consumption of a highly processed, energy-dense diet and the deposition of fat in white adipose tissue and the liver. The generation of crown-like structures, with macrophages surrounding senescent or necrotic adipocytes or hepatocytes, leads to a perpetual state of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperinsulinaemia, aromatase activity, activation of oncogenic pathways and loss of normal homeostasis. Metabolic reprogramming, epithelial mesenchymal transition, HIF-1α signalling, angiogenesis and loss of normal host immune-surveillance are particularly important. Obesity-associated carcinogenesis is closely related to metabolic syndrome, hypoxia, visceral adipose tissue dysfunction, oestrogen synthesis and detrimental cytokine, adipokine and exosomal miRNA release. This is particularly important in the pathogenesis of oestrogen-sensitive cancers, including breast, endometrial, ovarian and thyroid cancer, but also ‘non-hormonal’ obesity-associated cancers such as cardio-oesophageal, colorectal, renal, pancreatic, gallbladder and hepatocellular adenocarcinoma. Effective weight loss interventions may improve the future incidence of overall and obesity-associated cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:30:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2d7c50f91cbb4afaa5d4a801ea209157 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:30:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-2d7c50f91cbb4afaa5d4a801ea2091572023-11-18T02:26:19ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892023-05-0113567510.3390/metabo13050675Molecular Mechanisms of Western Diet-Induced Obesity and Obesity-Related Carcinogenesis—A Narrative ReviewDhruvi Lathigara0Devesh Kaushal1Robert Beaumont Wilson2Department General Surgery, UWS, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, AustraliaDepartment General Surgery, UWS, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, AustraliaDepartment Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, UNSW, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, AustraliaThe present study aims to provide a narrative review of the molecular mechanisms of Western diet-induced obesity and obesity-related carcinogenesis. A literature search of the Cochrane Library, Embase and Pubmed databases, Google Scholar and the grey literature was conducted. Most of the molecular mechanisms that induce obesity are also involved in the twelve Hallmarks of Cancer, with the fundamental process being the consumption of a highly processed, energy-dense diet and the deposition of fat in white adipose tissue and the liver. The generation of crown-like structures, with macrophages surrounding senescent or necrotic adipocytes or hepatocytes, leads to a perpetual state of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperinsulinaemia, aromatase activity, activation of oncogenic pathways and loss of normal homeostasis. Metabolic reprogramming, epithelial mesenchymal transition, HIF-1α signalling, angiogenesis and loss of normal host immune-surveillance are particularly important. Obesity-associated carcinogenesis is closely related to metabolic syndrome, hypoxia, visceral adipose tissue dysfunction, oestrogen synthesis and detrimental cytokine, adipokine and exosomal miRNA release. This is particularly important in the pathogenesis of oestrogen-sensitive cancers, including breast, endometrial, ovarian and thyroid cancer, but also ‘non-hormonal’ obesity-associated cancers such as cardio-oesophageal, colorectal, renal, pancreatic, gallbladder and hepatocellular adenocarcinoma. Effective weight loss interventions may improve the future incidence of overall and obesity-associated cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/5/675bariatric surgerybreast cancercolorectal carcinomacrown-like structure (CLS)cytokineexosome |
| spellingShingle | Dhruvi Lathigara Devesh Kaushal Robert Beaumont Wilson Molecular Mechanisms of Western Diet-Induced Obesity and Obesity-Related Carcinogenesis—A Narrative Review Metabolites bariatric surgery breast cancer colorectal carcinoma crown-like structure (CLS) cytokine exosome |
| title | Molecular Mechanisms of Western Diet-Induced Obesity and Obesity-Related Carcinogenesis—A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Molecular Mechanisms of Western Diet-Induced Obesity and Obesity-Related Carcinogenesis—A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Mechanisms of Western Diet-Induced Obesity and Obesity-Related Carcinogenesis—A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Mechanisms of Western Diet-Induced Obesity and Obesity-Related Carcinogenesis—A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Molecular Mechanisms of Western Diet-Induced Obesity and Obesity-Related Carcinogenesis—A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | molecular mechanisms of western diet induced obesity and obesity related carcinogenesis a narrative review |
| topic | bariatric surgery breast cancer colorectal carcinoma crown-like structure (CLS) cytokine exosome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/5/675 |
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