Direct Production of Ferrochrome by Segregation Reduction of Chromite in the Presence of Calcium Chloride
A solid reduction process is described whereby chromite is reduced with the help of calcium chloride to produce ferrochrome alloy powders with high metal recovery. The process involves segregation reduction of chromite using graphite as the reductant and calcium chloride as the segregation catalyst....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/8/1/69 |
| _version_ | 1819055125645230080 |
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| author | Dawei Yu Dogan Paktunc |
| author_facet | Dawei Yu Dogan Paktunc |
| author_sort | Dawei Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A solid reduction process is described whereby chromite is reduced with the help of calcium chloride to produce ferrochrome alloy powders with high metal recovery. The process involves segregation reduction of chromite using graphite as the reductant and calcium chloride as the segregation catalyst. Experiments were performed in the temperature range of 1200–1400 °C to evaluate the influences of various design parameters using both a thermogravimetric analyzer and an electric tube furnace with continuous off-gas analysis. The reduced products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and were subjected to wet chemical analysis. It was concluded that the addition of calcium chloride not only accelerated the carbothermic reduction of chromite but also promoted the formation and growth of individual ferrochrome alloy particles. The alloy formation within chromite particles was minimized, enabling the effective separation of ferrochrome alloy particles from the unwanted gangue without the need for fine grinding. Majority of the calcium chloride remained in a recoverable form, with a small percentage (<10 wt %) consumed by reacting with the siliceous gangue forming wadalite. Pure ferrochrome alloy powders were successfully produced with high metal recovery using elutriating separation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T13:02:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2d83822670104d83847c0147e1140794 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T13:02:33Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-2d83822670104d83847c0147e11407942022-12-21T19:03:08ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012018-01-01816910.3390/met8010069met8010069Direct Production of Ferrochrome by Segregation Reduction of Chromite in the Presence of Calcium ChlorideDawei Yu0Dogan Paktunc1CanmetMINING, Natural Resources Canada, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, ON K1A 0G1, CanadaCanmetMINING, Natural Resources Canada, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, ON K1A 0G1, CanadaA solid reduction process is described whereby chromite is reduced with the help of calcium chloride to produce ferrochrome alloy powders with high metal recovery. The process involves segregation reduction of chromite using graphite as the reductant and calcium chloride as the segregation catalyst. Experiments were performed in the temperature range of 1200–1400 °C to evaluate the influences of various design parameters using both a thermogravimetric analyzer and an electric tube furnace with continuous off-gas analysis. The reduced products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and were subjected to wet chemical analysis. It was concluded that the addition of calcium chloride not only accelerated the carbothermic reduction of chromite but also promoted the formation and growth of individual ferrochrome alloy particles. The alloy formation within chromite particles was minimized, enabling the effective separation of ferrochrome alloy particles from the unwanted gangue without the need for fine grinding. Majority of the calcium chloride remained in a recoverable form, with a small percentage (<10 wt %) consumed by reacting with the siliceous gangue forming wadalite. Pure ferrochrome alloy powders were successfully produced with high metal recovery using elutriating separation.http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/8/1/69chromiteferrochromecarbothermic reductionsegregationCaCl2elutriation |
| spellingShingle | Dawei Yu Dogan Paktunc Direct Production of Ferrochrome by Segregation Reduction of Chromite in the Presence of Calcium Chloride Metals chromite ferrochrome carbothermic reduction segregation CaCl2 elutriation |
| title | Direct Production of Ferrochrome by Segregation Reduction of Chromite in the Presence of Calcium Chloride |
| title_full | Direct Production of Ferrochrome by Segregation Reduction of Chromite in the Presence of Calcium Chloride |
| title_fullStr | Direct Production of Ferrochrome by Segregation Reduction of Chromite in the Presence of Calcium Chloride |
| title_full_unstemmed | Direct Production of Ferrochrome by Segregation Reduction of Chromite in the Presence of Calcium Chloride |
| title_short | Direct Production of Ferrochrome by Segregation Reduction of Chromite in the Presence of Calcium Chloride |
| title_sort | direct production of ferrochrome by segregation reduction of chromite in the presence of calcium chloride |
| topic | chromite ferrochrome carbothermic reduction segregation CaCl2 elutriation |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/8/1/69 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT daweiyu directproductionofferrochromebysegregationreductionofchromiteinthepresenceofcalciumchloride AT doganpaktunc directproductionofferrochromebysegregationreductionofchromiteinthepresenceofcalciumchloride |