Effects of Extracellular Self- and Nonself-DNA on the Freshwater Microalga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> and on the Marine Microalga <i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i>
The role of extracellular DNA (exDNA) in soil and aquatic environments was mainly discussed in terms of source of mineral nutrients and of genetic material for horizontal gene transfer. Recently, the self-exDNA (conspecific) has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of that organism,...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/11/1436 |
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| author | Emanuela Palomba Pasquale Chiaiese Pasquale Termolino Rosa Paparo Edgardo Filippone Stefano Mazzoleni Maria Luisa Chiusano |
| author_facet | Emanuela Palomba Pasquale Chiaiese Pasquale Termolino Rosa Paparo Edgardo Filippone Stefano Mazzoleni Maria Luisa Chiusano |
| author_sort | Emanuela Palomba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The role of extracellular DNA (exDNA) in soil and aquatic environments was mainly discussed in terms of source of mineral nutrients and of genetic material for horizontal gene transfer. Recently, the self-exDNA (conspecific) has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of that organism, while the same was not evident for nonself-exDNA (non conspecific). The inhibitory effect of self-exDNA was proposed as a universal phenomenon, although evidence is mainly reported for terrestrial species. The current study showed the inhibitory effect of self-exDNA also on photosynthetic aquatic microorganisms. We showed that self-exDNA inhibits the growth of the microalgae <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> and <i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i>, a freshwater and a marine species, respectively. In addition, the study also revealed the phenotypic effects post self-exDNA treatments. Indeed, Chlamydomonas showed the formation of peculiar heteromorphic aggregates of palmelloid cells embedded in an extracellular matrix, favored by the presence of DNA in the environment, that is not revealed after exposure to nonself-exDNA. The differential effect of self and nonself-exDNA on both microalgae, accompanied by the inhibitory growth effect of self-exDNA are the first pieces of evidence provided for species from aquatic environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:58:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2d8a004a3e034a2a852a14069bba8af5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:58:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-2d8a004a3e034a2a852a14069bba8af52023-11-23T14:38:38ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-05-011111143610.3390/plants11111436Effects of Extracellular Self- and Nonself-DNA on the Freshwater Microalga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> and on the Marine Microalga <i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i>Emanuela Palomba0Pasquale Chiaiese1Pasquale Termolino2Rosa Paparo3Edgardo Filippone4Stefano Mazzoleni5Maria Luisa Chiusano6Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn”, 80121 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, ItalyInstitute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, 80055 Portici, ItalyInstitute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, 80055 Portici, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, ItalyDepartment of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn”, 80121 Naples, ItalyThe role of extracellular DNA (exDNA) in soil and aquatic environments was mainly discussed in terms of source of mineral nutrients and of genetic material for horizontal gene transfer. Recently, the self-exDNA (conspecific) has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of that organism, while the same was not evident for nonself-exDNA (non conspecific). The inhibitory effect of self-exDNA was proposed as a universal phenomenon, although evidence is mainly reported for terrestrial species. The current study showed the inhibitory effect of self-exDNA also on photosynthetic aquatic microorganisms. We showed that self-exDNA inhibits the growth of the microalgae <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> and <i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i>, a freshwater and a marine species, respectively. In addition, the study also revealed the phenotypic effects post self-exDNA treatments. Indeed, Chlamydomonas showed the formation of peculiar heteromorphic aggregates of palmelloid cells embedded in an extracellular matrix, favored by the presence of DNA in the environment, that is not revealed after exposure to nonself-exDNA. The differential effect of self and nonself-exDNA on both microalgae, accompanied by the inhibitory growth effect of self-exDNA are the first pieces of evidence provided for species from aquatic environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/11/1436extracellular aggregatesextracellular DNAmicroalgae stresspalmelloidsself-DNA inhibition |
| spellingShingle | Emanuela Palomba Pasquale Chiaiese Pasquale Termolino Rosa Paparo Edgardo Filippone Stefano Mazzoleni Maria Luisa Chiusano Effects of Extracellular Self- and Nonself-DNA on the Freshwater Microalga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> and on the Marine Microalga <i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i> Plants extracellular aggregates extracellular DNA microalgae stress palmelloids self-DNA inhibition |
| title | Effects of Extracellular Self- and Nonself-DNA on the Freshwater Microalga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> and on the Marine Microalga <i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i> |
| title_full | Effects of Extracellular Self- and Nonself-DNA on the Freshwater Microalga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> and on the Marine Microalga <i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i> |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Extracellular Self- and Nonself-DNA on the Freshwater Microalga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> and on the Marine Microalga <i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Extracellular Self- and Nonself-DNA on the Freshwater Microalga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> and on the Marine Microalga <i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i> |
| title_short | Effects of Extracellular Self- and Nonself-DNA on the Freshwater Microalga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> and on the Marine Microalga <i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i> |
| title_sort | effects of extracellular self and nonself dna on the freshwater microalga i chlamydomonas reinhardtii i and on the marine microalga i nannochloropsis gaditana i |
| topic | extracellular aggregates extracellular DNA microalgae stress palmelloids self-DNA inhibition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/11/1436 |
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