Challenges in simultaneous validation of mental health screening tools in multiple languages: Adolescent assessments in Hausa and Pidgin in Nigeria
Background: With growing global recognition of the need to address mental health, a key challenge is determining who needs mental health services. Most self-report screening tools were developed in English-speaking high-income settings, and this cultural milieu influences the types and content of it...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-12-01
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| Series: | SSM - Mental Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666560322001086 |
| _version_ | 1797975787395088384 |
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| author | Bonnie N. Kaiser Cynthia Ticao Chukwuemeka Anoje Jeremy Boglosa Temitope Gafaar John Minto Brandon A. Kohrt |
| author_facet | Bonnie N. Kaiser Cynthia Ticao Chukwuemeka Anoje Jeremy Boglosa Temitope Gafaar John Minto Brandon A. Kohrt |
| author_sort | Bonnie N. Kaiser |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: With growing global recognition of the need to address mental health, a key challenge is determining who needs mental health services. Most self-report screening tools were developed in English-speaking high-income settings, and this cultural milieu influences the types and content of items, the manner in which items are asked, and the options for responding to items. Approaches have been developed for transcultural translation and validation. However, these approaches are typically applied in one language at a time, which is of limited utility in linguistically diverse settings. Methods: To address challenges in cross-cultural validation, we undertook a unique process of simultaneously validating tools in two languages in Nigeria. Through this dual-language validation, we explored how cultural and contextual differences may influence what is considered valid for a mental health tool. We validated the Depression Self Rating Scale, Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS), and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale with a community sample of 330 adolescents aged 12–17. Validity was assessed in Hausa and Pidgin, two languages commonly spoken in Nigeria. Clinical psychologists used the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia to establish caseness. Results: Most items had good discriminant validity, except on the CPSS, on which only 8 of 17 items discriminated by caseness. Findings indicate the influence of culture (e.g., linguistic differences in translatability of items) and context (e.g., items that reflect experiences of hunger or foodborne illness; different PTSD caseness by language might reflect differential trauma exposure between populations). We also identified items that operated differently between languages. Conclusion: We identified shortcomings in cross-cultural validation procedures with regard to determining whether language, context, or or other differences influence performance of items. For future validation efforts, we recommend systematically collecting information on context and stressful/traumatic exposures as a way to contextualize interpretation of the validity findings. Acronyms: Depression Self Rating Scale (DSRS), Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS), Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (DBDRS), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Conduct Disorder (CD), Area Under the Curve (AUC), Diagnostic Odds Ratio (DOR), Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T04:40:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2d9c24a55e2b416aa6f4e73070fc844d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-5603 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T04:40:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | SSM - Mental Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-2d9c24a55e2b416aa6f4e73070fc844d2022-12-28T04:20:12ZengElsevierSSM - Mental Health2666-56032022-12-012100168Challenges in simultaneous validation of mental health screening tools in multiple languages: Adolescent assessments in Hausa and Pidgin in NigeriaBonnie N. Kaiser0Cynthia Ticao1Chukwuemeka Anoje2Jeremy Boglosa3Temitope Gafaar4John Minto5Brandon A. Kohrt6University of California San Diego, United States; Duke Global Health Institute, United States; Corresponding author. 9500 Gilman Road #0532, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States.Gede Foundation, NigeriaCatholic Relief Services, NigeriaGede Foundation, NigeriaDuke University, United StatesGede Foundation, NigeriaDuke Global Health Institute, United States; George Washington University, United StatesBackground: With growing global recognition of the need to address mental health, a key challenge is determining who needs mental health services. Most self-report screening tools were developed in English-speaking high-income settings, and this cultural milieu influences the types and content of items, the manner in which items are asked, and the options for responding to items. Approaches have been developed for transcultural translation and validation. However, these approaches are typically applied in one language at a time, which is of limited utility in linguistically diverse settings. Methods: To address challenges in cross-cultural validation, we undertook a unique process of simultaneously validating tools in two languages in Nigeria. Through this dual-language validation, we explored how cultural and contextual differences may influence what is considered valid for a mental health tool. We validated the Depression Self Rating Scale, Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS), and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale with a community sample of 330 adolescents aged 12–17. Validity was assessed in Hausa and Pidgin, two languages commonly spoken in Nigeria. Clinical psychologists used the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia to establish caseness. Results: Most items had good discriminant validity, except on the CPSS, on which only 8 of 17 items discriminated by caseness. Findings indicate the influence of culture (e.g., linguistic differences in translatability of items) and context (e.g., items that reflect experiences of hunger or foodborne illness; different PTSD caseness by language might reflect differential trauma exposure between populations). We also identified items that operated differently between languages. Conclusion: We identified shortcomings in cross-cultural validation procedures with regard to determining whether language, context, or or other differences influence performance of items. For future validation efforts, we recommend systematically collecting information on context and stressful/traumatic exposures as a way to contextualize interpretation of the validity findings. Acronyms: Depression Self Rating Scale (DSRS), Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS), Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (DBDRS), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Conduct Disorder (CD), Area Under the Curve (AUC), Diagnostic Odds Ratio (DOR), Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666560322001086Screening toolsAssessmentValidationNigeriaDepressionPTSD |
| spellingShingle | Bonnie N. Kaiser Cynthia Ticao Chukwuemeka Anoje Jeremy Boglosa Temitope Gafaar John Minto Brandon A. Kohrt Challenges in simultaneous validation of mental health screening tools in multiple languages: Adolescent assessments in Hausa and Pidgin in Nigeria SSM - Mental Health Screening tools Assessment Validation Nigeria Depression PTSD |
| title | Challenges in simultaneous validation of mental health screening tools in multiple languages: Adolescent assessments in Hausa and Pidgin in Nigeria |
| title_full | Challenges in simultaneous validation of mental health screening tools in multiple languages: Adolescent assessments in Hausa and Pidgin in Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | Challenges in simultaneous validation of mental health screening tools in multiple languages: Adolescent assessments in Hausa and Pidgin in Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Challenges in simultaneous validation of mental health screening tools in multiple languages: Adolescent assessments in Hausa and Pidgin in Nigeria |
| title_short | Challenges in simultaneous validation of mental health screening tools in multiple languages: Adolescent assessments in Hausa and Pidgin in Nigeria |
| title_sort | challenges in simultaneous validation of mental health screening tools in multiple languages adolescent assessments in hausa and pidgin in nigeria |
| topic | Screening tools Assessment Validation Nigeria Depression PTSD |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666560322001086 |
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