Sap flow, leaf-level gas exchange and spectral responses to drought in Pinus sylvestris, Pinus pinea and Pinus halepensis
In a climate change scenario, Mediterranean forest species such as pines may be endangered by rising temperatures and reduced precipitation, thus calling for studies on the transpiration and water balance in pines. In this paper, the response of young plants of Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus pinea L. an...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF)
2017-02-01
|
| Series: | iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://iforest.sisef.org/contents/?id=ifor1748-009 |
| _version_ | 1817996711367278592 |
|---|---|
| author | Manzanera JA Gómez-Garay A Pintos B Rodríguez-Rastrero M Moreda E Zazo J Martínez-Falero E García-Abril A |
| author_facet | Manzanera JA Gómez-Garay A Pintos B Rodríguez-Rastrero M Moreda E Zazo J Martínez-Falero E García-Abril A |
| author_sort | Manzanera JA |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In a climate change scenario, Mediterranean forest species such as pines may be endangered by rising temperatures and reduced precipitation, thus calling for studies on the transpiration and water balance in pines. In this paper, the response of young plants of Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus pinea L. and Pinus halepensis Mill. to different irrigation treatments has been studied. Significant differences were found in water potential, sap flow, leaf-level gas exchange and spectral variables. P. sylvestris had higher pre-dawn and midday water potentials, sap flow rates and leaf-level gas exchange rates compared to the other two species in well-watered conditions. Vapor pressure gradient correlated with stomatal conductance, net assimilation and transpiration, but the association between stomatal conductance and sap flow was weak. The environmental variables more strongly associated with sap flow were solar radiation and reference evapo-transpiration, especially in the well-watered plants, but those associations were weaker in the stressed plants. All three pine species showed the isohydric, drought-avoiding strategy common in the genus Pinus, maintaining relatively high water potentials in dry conditions. Nevertheless, P. halepensis showed a water-saving strategy, with a stomatal closure behavior under drought. Stomatal regulation was less strict in P. sylvestris, closer to a water-spending pattern, while P. pinea showed an intermediate behavior. Significant differences were recorded among species in spectral reflectance in the visible and infra-red regions. Photochemical Reflectance Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and combinations of other ratios permitted the discrimination among the three pine species. These spectral variables showed association with sap flow rate, water potential and leaf-level gas exchange variables. Both cluster analysis and k-means classification discriminated Scots pine and Aleppo pine in two different groups. On the other hand, Stone pine showed differences in spectral behavior depending on the hydric status of the plants. Well-watered Stone pine plants had the same spectral behavior as Scots pine, while the plants subjected to drought stress were closer to Aleppo pine plants in spectral response. These findings may help to quantify the impacts of early and mid-summer water deficit on Mediterranean pines in future climate regimes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T02:26:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2d9f4e7b02e34c1b8fa6ff0443a541e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1971-7458 1971-7458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T02:26:16Z |
| publishDate | 2017-02-01 |
| publisher | Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry |
| spelling | doaj.art-2d9f4e7b02e34c1b8fa6ff0443a541e42022-12-22T02:17:52ZengItalian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF)iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry1971-74581971-74582017-02-0110120421410.3832/ifor1748-0091748Sap flow, leaf-level gas exchange and spectral responses to drought in Pinus sylvestris, Pinus pinea and Pinus halepensisManzanera JA0Gómez-Garay A1Pintos B2Rodríguez-Rastrero M3Moreda E4Zazo J5Martínez-Falero E6García-Abril A7Technical University of Madrid, College of Forestry and Natural Environment, Ciudad Universitaria, Moncloa Campus of International Excellence, 28040 Madrid (Spain)Complutense University of Madrid, Dept. of Plant Physiology, Ciudad Universitaria, Moncloa Campus of International Excellence, 28040 Madrid (Spain)Complutense University of Madrid, Dept. of Plant Physiology, Ciudad Universitaria, Moncloa Campus of International Excellence, 28040 Madrid (Spain)Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid (Spain)Complutense University of Madrid, Dept. of Plant Physiology, Ciudad Universitaria, Moncloa Campus of International Excellence, 28040 Madrid (Spain)Technical University of Madrid, College of Forestry and Natural Environment, Ciudad Universitaria, Moncloa Campus of International Excellence, 28040 Madrid (Spain)Technical University of Madrid, College of Forestry and Natural Environment, Ciudad Universitaria, Moncloa Campus of International Excellence, 28040 Madrid (Spain)Technical University of Madrid, College of Forestry and Natural Environment, Ciudad Universitaria, Moncloa Campus of International Excellence, 28040 Madrid (Spain)In a climate change scenario, Mediterranean forest species such as pines may be endangered by rising temperatures and reduced precipitation, thus calling for studies on the transpiration and water balance in pines. In this paper, the response of young plants of Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus pinea L. and Pinus halepensis Mill. to different irrigation treatments has been studied. Significant differences were found in water potential, sap flow, leaf-level gas exchange and spectral variables. P. sylvestris had higher pre-dawn and midday water potentials, sap flow rates and leaf-level gas exchange rates compared to the other two species in well-watered conditions. Vapor pressure gradient correlated with stomatal conductance, net assimilation and transpiration, but the association between stomatal conductance and sap flow was weak. The environmental variables more strongly associated with sap flow were solar radiation and reference evapo-transpiration, especially in the well-watered plants, but those associations were weaker in the stressed plants. All three pine species showed the isohydric, drought-avoiding strategy common in the genus Pinus, maintaining relatively high water potentials in dry conditions. Nevertheless, P. halepensis showed a water-saving strategy, with a stomatal closure behavior under drought. Stomatal regulation was less strict in P. sylvestris, closer to a water-spending pattern, while P. pinea showed an intermediate behavior. Significant differences were recorded among species in spectral reflectance in the visible and infra-red regions. Photochemical Reflectance Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and combinations of other ratios permitted the discrimination among the three pine species. These spectral variables showed association with sap flow rate, water potential and leaf-level gas exchange variables. Both cluster analysis and k-means classification discriminated Scots pine and Aleppo pine in two different groups. On the other hand, Stone pine showed differences in spectral behavior depending on the hydric status of the plants. Well-watered Stone pine plants had the same spectral behavior as Scots pine, while the plants subjected to drought stress were closer to Aleppo pine plants in spectral response. These findings may help to quantify the impacts of early and mid-summer water deficit on Mediterranean pines in future climate regimes.https://iforest.sisef.org/contents/?id=ifor1748-009Carbon AssimilationAleppo PineHydric RelationsReflectanceScots PineStone PineTranspiration |
| spellingShingle | Manzanera JA Gómez-Garay A Pintos B Rodríguez-Rastrero M Moreda E Zazo J Martínez-Falero E García-Abril A Sap flow, leaf-level gas exchange and spectral responses to drought in Pinus sylvestris, Pinus pinea and Pinus halepensis iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry Carbon Assimilation Aleppo Pine Hydric Relations Reflectance Scots Pine Stone Pine Transpiration |
| title | Sap flow, leaf-level gas exchange and spectral responses to drought in Pinus sylvestris, Pinus pinea and Pinus halepensis |
| title_full | Sap flow, leaf-level gas exchange and spectral responses to drought in Pinus sylvestris, Pinus pinea and Pinus halepensis |
| title_fullStr | Sap flow, leaf-level gas exchange and spectral responses to drought in Pinus sylvestris, Pinus pinea and Pinus halepensis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sap flow, leaf-level gas exchange and spectral responses to drought in Pinus sylvestris, Pinus pinea and Pinus halepensis |
| title_short | Sap flow, leaf-level gas exchange and spectral responses to drought in Pinus sylvestris, Pinus pinea and Pinus halepensis |
| title_sort | sap flow leaf level gas exchange and spectral responses to drought in pinus sylvestris pinus pinea and pinus halepensis |
| topic | Carbon Assimilation Aleppo Pine Hydric Relations Reflectance Scots Pine Stone Pine Transpiration |
| url | https://iforest.sisef.org/contents/?id=ifor1748-009 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT manzaneraja sapflowleaflevelgasexchangeandspectralresponsestodroughtinpinussylvestrispinuspineaandpinushalepensis AT gomezgaraya sapflowleaflevelgasexchangeandspectralresponsestodroughtinpinussylvestrispinuspineaandpinushalepensis AT pintosb sapflowleaflevelgasexchangeandspectralresponsestodroughtinpinussylvestrispinuspineaandpinushalepensis AT rodriguezrastrerom sapflowleaflevelgasexchangeandspectralresponsestodroughtinpinussylvestrispinuspineaandpinushalepensis AT moredae sapflowleaflevelgasexchangeandspectralresponsestodroughtinpinussylvestrispinuspineaandpinushalepensis AT zazoj sapflowleaflevelgasexchangeandspectralresponsestodroughtinpinussylvestrispinuspineaandpinushalepensis AT martinezfaleroe sapflowleaflevelgasexchangeandspectralresponsestodroughtinpinussylvestrispinuspineaandpinushalepensis AT garciaabrila sapflowleaflevelgasexchangeandspectralresponsestodroughtinpinussylvestrispinuspineaandpinushalepensis |