Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water and Bottom Sediments in the Basin of Lake Gusinoe (Russia): Ecological Risk Assessment
Fresh water scarcity is considered a significant component, and potentially one of the most critical, of global climate change. With the rapid development of industry, there is an increasing risk of freshwater contamination by heavy metals (HMs). The danger of HM pollution is also attributed to thei...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/19/3385 |
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| author | Tcogto Zh. Bazarzhapov Valentina G. Shiretorova Larisa D. Radnaeva Elena P. Nikitina Selmeg V. Bazarsadueva Galina S. Shirapova Suocheng Dong Zehong Li Shiqi Liu Ping Wang |
| author_facet | Tcogto Zh. Bazarzhapov Valentina G. Shiretorova Larisa D. Radnaeva Elena P. Nikitina Selmeg V. Bazarsadueva Galina S. Shirapova Suocheng Dong Zehong Li Shiqi Liu Ping Wang |
| author_sort | Tcogto Zh. Bazarzhapov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fresh water scarcity is considered a significant component, and potentially one of the most critical, of global climate change. With the rapid development of industry, there is an increasing risk of freshwater contamination by heavy metals (HMs). The danger of HM pollution is also attributed to their accumulation, which can subsequently become a source of secondary pollution in aquatic environments. In the Lake Gusinoe basin, located in Russia, concentrations of HMs were measured in both water and bottom sediments within the lake area, as well as in inflowing and outflowing watercourses. Ecological risk indices were also calculated for the Gusinoe basin. Our results showed that the average concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, and Pb in the water did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations (MACs) set by Russian national standards and WHO standards, while the concentrations of Mn and Cu exceeded the corresponding MACs during winter, spring, and autumn possibly due to decomposition of aquatic vegetation and influx from groundwater sources. The average concentrations of the investigated HMs in the BSs did not exceed the background values. The water hazard index indicated a low risk for all samples in the lake water area. For all BS samples, the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and the Pollution Load Index (PLI) indicated low pollution levels, while the values of the Enrichment Factor (EF) and the Contamination Factor (CF) indicated moderate pollution in the central part of the lake. The Ecological Risk Factor (Er) for Cu in BSs at points near major settlements and in the Tel River indicated moderate pollution. The Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI) in all investigated BS samples indicated a low risk of contamination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:51:50Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:51:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-2da048263a3443c2b580a44acff369f12023-11-30T20:49:19ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-09-011519338510.3390/w15193385Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water and Bottom Sediments in the Basin of Lake Gusinoe (Russia): Ecological Risk AssessmentTcogto Zh. Bazarzhapov0Valentina G. Shiretorova1Larisa D. Radnaeva2Elena P. Nikitina3Selmeg V. Bazarsadueva4Galina S. Shirapova5Suocheng Dong6Zehong Li7Shiqi Liu8Ping Wang9Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaBaikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude 670047, RussiaBaikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude 670047, RussiaBaikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude 670047, RussiaBaikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude 670047, RussiaBaikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude 670047, RussiaInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaFresh water scarcity is considered a significant component, and potentially one of the most critical, of global climate change. With the rapid development of industry, there is an increasing risk of freshwater contamination by heavy metals (HMs). The danger of HM pollution is also attributed to their accumulation, which can subsequently become a source of secondary pollution in aquatic environments. In the Lake Gusinoe basin, located in Russia, concentrations of HMs were measured in both water and bottom sediments within the lake area, as well as in inflowing and outflowing watercourses. Ecological risk indices were also calculated for the Gusinoe basin. Our results showed that the average concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, and Pb in the water did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations (MACs) set by Russian national standards and WHO standards, while the concentrations of Mn and Cu exceeded the corresponding MACs during winter, spring, and autumn possibly due to decomposition of aquatic vegetation and influx from groundwater sources. The average concentrations of the investigated HMs in the BSs did not exceed the background values. The water hazard index indicated a low risk for all samples in the lake water area. For all BS samples, the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and the Pollution Load Index (PLI) indicated low pollution levels, while the values of the Enrichment Factor (EF) and the Contamination Factor (CF) indicated moderate pollution in the central part of the lake. The Ecological Risk Factor (Er) for Cu in BSs at points near major settlements and in the Tel River indicated moderate pollution. The Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI) in all investigated BS samples indicated a low risk of contamination.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/19/3385Lake Gusinoe basinwater qualitypollutionheavy metalsbottom sedimentsecological risk assessment |
| spellingShingle | Tcogto Zh. Bazarzhapov Valentina G. Shiretorova Larisa D. Radnaeva Elena P. Nikitina Selmeg V. Bazarsadueva Galina S. Shirapova Suocheng Dong Zehong Li Shiqi Liu Ping Wang Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water and Bottom Sediments in the Basin of Lake Gusinoe (Russia): Ecological Risk Assessment Water Lake Gusinoe basin water quality pollution heavy metals bottom sediments ecological risk assessment |
| title | Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water and Bottom Sediments in the Basin of Lake Gusinoe (Russia): Ecological Risk Assessment |
| title_full | Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water and Bottom Sediments in the Basin of Lake Gusinoe (Russia): Ecological Risk Assessment |
| title_fullStr | Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water and Bottom Sediments in the Basin of Lake Gusinoe (Russia): Ecological Risk Assessment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water and Bottom Sediments in the Basin of Lake Gusinoe (Russia): Ecological Risk Assessment |
| title_short | Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water and Bottom Sediments in the Basin of Lake Gusinoe (Russia): Ecological Risk Assessment |
| title_sort | distribution of heavy metals in water and bottom sediments in the basin of lake gusinoe russia ecological risk assessment |
| topic | Lake Gusinoe basin water quality pollution heavy metals bottom sediments ecological risk assessment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/19/3385 |
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