The changing malaria trend and control efforts in Oromia Special zone, Amhara Regional State, North-East Ethiopia
Abstract Background Countries in malaria endemic regions are determinedly making an effort to achieve the global malaria elimination goals. In Ethiopia, too, all concerned bodies have given attention to this mission as one of their priority areas so that malaria would be eradicated from the country....
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04149-y |
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| author | Selomon Tefera Temesgen Bekele Kefelegn Getahun Abiyot Negash Tsige Ketema |
| author_facet | Selomon Tefera Temesgen Bekele Kefelegn Getahun Abiyot Negash Tsige Ketema |
| author_sort | Selomon Tefera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Countries in malaria endemic regions are determinedly making an effort to achieve the global malaria elimination goals. In Ethiopia, too, all concerned bodies have given attention to this mission as one of their priority areas so that malaria would be eradicated from the country. Despite the success stories from some areas in the country, however, malaria is still a major public health concern in most parts of Ethiopia. Therefore, this study is aimed at analysing the changing malaria trend and assessing the impact of malaria control efforts in one of the malaria endemic regions of Ethiopia. Methods Five years data on clinical malaria cases diagnosed and treated at all health facilities (including 28 Health Centres, 105 Health Posts and 2 Hospitals) in Oromia Special zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, were reviewed for the period from June 2014 to June 2019. Data on different interventional activities undertaken in the zone during the specified period were obtained from the Regional Health Bureau. Results The cumulative malaria positivity rate documented in the zone was 12.5% (n = 65,463/524,722). Plasmodium falciparum infection was the dominant malaria aetiology and accounted for 78.9% (n = 51,679). The age group with the highest malaria burden was found to be those aged above 15 years (54.14%, n = 35,443/65,463). The malaria trend showed a sharp decreasing pattern from 19.33% (in 2015) to 5.65% (in 2018), although insignificant increment was recorded in 2019 (8.53%). Distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) were undertaken in the zone once a year only for two years, specifically in 2014 and 2017. In 2014, a single LLIN was distributed per head of households, which was not sufficient for a family size of more than one family member. Number of houses sprayed with indoor residual spray in 2014 and 2017 were 33,314 and 32,184 houses, respectively, leading to the assumption that, 151,444 (25.9%) and 141,641 (24.2%) population were protected in year 2014 and 2017, respectively. The analysis has shown that P. falciparum positivity rate was significantly decreased following the interventional activities by 3.3% (p = 0.009), but interventional efforts did not appear to have significant effect on vivax malaria, as positivity rate of this parasite increased by 1.49% (p = 0.0218). Conclusion Malaria burden has shown a decreasing pattern in the study area, although the pattern was not consistent throughout all the years and across the districts in the study area. Therefore, unremitting surveillance along implementation of interventional efforts should be considered taking into account the unique features of Plasmodium species, population dynamics in the zone, seasonality, and malaria history at different districts of the zone should be in place to achieve the envisaged national malaria elimination goal by 2030. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T10:03:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2da1979d800d4206af4d8ec5654180a1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T10:03:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
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| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-2da1979d800d4206af4d8ec5654180a12022-12-22T01:53:19ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752022-04-0121111110.1186/s12936-022-04149-yThe changing malaria trend and control efforts in Oromia Special zone, Amhara Regional State, North-East EthiopiaSelomon Tefera0Temesgen Bekele1Kefelegn Getahun2Abiyot Negash3Tsige Ketema4College of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Jimma UniversityCollege of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Jimma UniversityCollege of Social Sciences and Humanity, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Jimma UniversityCollege of Natural Sciences, Department of Statistics, Jimma UniversityCollege of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Jimma UniversityAbstract Background Countries in malaria endemic regions are determinedly making an effort to achieve the global malaria elimination goals. In Ethiopia, too, all concerned bodies have given attention to this mission as one of their priority areas so that malaria would be eradicated from the country. Despite the success stories from some areas in the country, however, malaria is still a major public health concern in most parts of Ethiopia. Therefore, this study is aimed at analysing the changing malaria trend and assessing the impact of malaria control efforts in one of the malaria endemic regions of Ethiopia. Methods Five years data on clinical malaria cases diagnosed and treated at all health facilities (including 28 Health Centres, 105 Health Posts and 2 Hospitals) in Oromia Special zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, were reviewed for the period from June 2014 to June 2019. Data on different interventional activities undertaken in the zone during the specified period were obtained from the Regional Health Bureau. Results The cumulative malaria positivity rate documented in the zone was 12.5% (n = 65,463/524,722). Plasmodium falciparum infection was the dominant malaria aetiology and accounted for 78.9% (n = 51,679). The age group with the highest malaria burden was found to be those aged above 15 years (54.14%, n = 35,443/65,463). The malaria trend showed a sharp decreasing pattern from 19.33% (in 2015) to 5.65% (in 2018), although insignificant increment was recorded in 2019 (8.53%). Distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) were undertaken in the zone once a year only for two years, specifically in 2014 and 2017. In 2014, a single LLIN was distributed per head of households, which was not sufficient for a family size of more than one family member. Number of houses sprayed with indoor residual spray in 2014 and 2017 were 33,314 and 32,184 houses, respectively, leading to the assumption that, 151,444 (25.9%) and 141,641 (24.2%) population were protected in year 2014 and 2017, respectively. The analysis has shown that P. falciparum positivity rate was significantly decreased following the interventional activities by 3.3% (p = 0.009), but interventional efforts did not appear to have significant effect on vivax malaria, as positivity rate of this parasite increased by 1.49% (p = 0.0218). Conclusion Malaria burden has shown a decreasing pattern in the study area, although the pattern was not consistent throughout all the years and across the districts in the study area. Therefore, unremitting surveillance along implementation of interventional efforts should be considered taking into account the unique features of Plasmodium species, population dynamics in the zone, seasonality, and malaria history at different districts of the zone should be in place to achieve the envisaged national malaria elimination goal by 2030.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04149-yIRSLLINMalariaOromia Special zonePlasmodium falciparumPlasmodium vivax |
| spellingShingle | Selomon Tefera Temesgen Bekele Kefelegn Getahun Abiyot Negash Tsige Ketema The changing malaria trend and control efforts in Oromia Special zone, Amhara Regional State, North-East Ethiopia Malaria Journal IRS LLIN Malaria Oromia Special zone Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax |
| title | The changing malaria trend and control efforts in Oromia Special zone, Amhara Regional State, North-East Ethiopia |
| title_full | The changing malaria trend and control efforts in Oromia Special zone, Amhara Regional State, North-East Ethiopia |
| title_fullStr | The changing malaria trend and control efforts in Oromia Special zone, Amhara Regional State, North-East Ethiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | The changing malaria trend and control efforts in Oromia Special zone, Amhara Regional State, North-East Ethiopia |
| title_short | The changing malaria trend and control efforts in Oromia Special zone, Amhara Regional State, North-East Ethiopia |
| title_sort | changing malaria trend and control efforts in oromia special zone amhara regional state north east ethiopia |
| topic | IRS LLIN Malaria Oromia Special zone Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04149-y |
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