Effect modification of consecutive high concentration days on the association between fine particulate matter and mortality: a multi-city study in Korea
OBJECTIVES Although there is substantial evidence for the short-term effect of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on daily mortality, few epidemiological studies have explored the effect of prolonged continuous exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5. This study investigated how the magnitude of the m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Korean Society of Epidemiology
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Epidemiology and Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.e-epih.org/upload/pdf/epih-44-e2022052.pdf |
| _version_ | 1827246913753186304 |
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| author | Hyungryul Lim Sanghyuk Bae Jonghyuk Choi Kyung-Hwa Choi Hyun-Joo Bae Soontae Kim Mina Ha Ho-Jang Kwon |
| author_facet | Hyungryul Lim Sanghyuk Bae Jonghyuk Choi Kyung-Hwa Choi Hyun-Joo Bae Soontae Kim Mina Ha Ho-Jang Kwon |
| author_sort | Hyungryul Lim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | OBJECTIVES Although there is substantial evidence for the short-term effect of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on daily mortality, few epidemiological studies have explored the effect of prolonged continuous exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5. This study investigated how the magnitude of the mortality effect of PM2.5 exposure is modified by persistent exposure to high PM2.5 concentrations. METHODS We analyzed data on the daily mortality count, simulated daily PM2.5 level, mean daily temperature, and relative humidity level from 7 metropolitan cities from 2006 to 2019. Generalized additive models (GAMs) with quasi-Poisson distribution and random-effects meta-analyses were used to pool city-specific effects. To investigate the effect modification of continuous exposure to prolonged high concentrations, we applied categorical consecutive-day variables to the GAMs as effect modification terms for PM2.5. RESULTS The mortality risk increased by 0.33% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16 to 0.50), 0.47% (95% CI, -0.09 to 1.04), and 0.26% (95% CI, -0.08 to 0.60) for all-cause, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases, respectively, with a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration. The risk of all-cause mortality per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 on the first and fourth consecutive days significantly increased by 0.63% (95% CI, 0.20 to 1.06) and 0.36% (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.70), respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found increased risks of all-cause, respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality related to daily PM2.5 exposure on the day when exposure to high PM2.5 concentrations began and when exposure persisted for more than 4 days with concentrations of ≥35 μg/m3. Persistently high PM2.5 exposure had a stronger effect on seniors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T20:52:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2da7aac190994d318244c319599bb48b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2092-7193 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-21T23:07:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Korean Society of Epidemiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Epidemiology and Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-2da7aac190994d318244c319599bb48b2024-05-22T05:15:03ZengKorean Society of EpidemiologyEpidemiology and Health2092-71932022-06-014410.4178/epih.e20220521300Effect modification of consecutive high concentration days on the association between fine particulate matter and mortality: a multi-city study in KoreaHyungryul Lim0Sanghyuk Bae1Jonghyuk Choi2Kyung-Hwa Choi3Hyun-Joo Bae4Soontae Kim5Mina Ha6Ho-Jang Kwon7 Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea Korea Environment Institute, Sejong, Korea Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, KoreaOBJECTIVES Although there is substantial evidence for the short-term effect of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on daily mortality, few epidemiological studies have explored the effect of prolonged continuous exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5. This study investigated how the magnitude of the mortality effect of PM2.5 exposure is modified by persistent exposure to high PM2.5 concentrations. METHODS We analyzed data on the daily mortality count, simulated daily PM2.5 level, mean daily temperature, and relative humidity level from 7 metropolitan cities from 2006 to 2019. Generalized additive models (GAMs) with quasi-Poisson distribution and random-effects meta-analyses were used to pool city-specific effects. To investigate the effect modification of continuous exposure to prolonged high concentrations, we applied categorical consecutive-day variables to the GAMs as effect modification terms for PM2.5. RESULTS The mortality risk increased by 0.33% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16 to 0.50), 0.47% (95% CI, -0.09 to 1.04), and 0.26% (95% CI, -0.08 to 0.60) for all-cause, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases, respectively, with a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration. The risk of all-cause mortality per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 on the first and fourth consecutive days significantly increased by 0.63% (95% CI, 0.20 to 1.06) and 0.36% (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.70), respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found increased risks of all-cause, respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality related to daily PM2.5 exposure on the day when exposure to high PM2.5 concentrations began and when exposure persisted for more than 4 days with concentrations of ≥35 μg/m3. Persistently high PM2.5 exposure had a stronger effect on seniors.http://www.e-epih.org/upload/pdf/epih-44-e2022052.pdfair pollutionparticulate matterepidemiologymortalitytime-series analysis |
| spellingShingle | Hyungryul Lim Sanghyuk Bae Jonghyuk Choi Kyung-Hwa Choi Hyun-Joo Bae Soontae Kim Mina Ha Ho-Jang Kwon Effect modification of consecutive high concentration days on the association between fine particulate matter and mortality: a multi-city study in Korea Epidemiology and Health air pollution particulate matter epidemiology mortality time-series analysis |
| title | Effect modification of consecutive high concentration days on the association between fine particulate matter and mortality: a multi-city study in Korea |
| title_full | Effect modification of consecutive high concentration days on the association between fine particulate matter and mortality: a multi-city study in Korea |
| title_fullStr | Effect modification of consecutive high concentration days on the association between fine particulate matter and mortality: a multi-city study in Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect modification of consecutive high concentration days on the association between fine particulate matter and mortality: a multi-city study in Korea |
| title_short | Effect modification of consecutive high concentration days on the association between fine particulate matter and mortality: a multi-city study in Korea |
| title_sort | effect modification of consecutive high concentration days on the association between fine particulate matter and mortality a multi city study in korea |
| topic | air pollution particulate matter epidemiology mortality time-series analysis |
| url | http://www.e-epih.org/upload/pdf/epih-44-e2022052.pdf |
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