Combined Effect of Entomopathogens against <i>Thrips tabaci</i> Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): Laboratory, Greenhouse and Field Trials
Onion thrips, <i>Thrips tabaci</i> Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is one of the most damaging insect pests of onions, <i>Allium cepa</i> L., which is an economically important agricultural crop cultivated worldwide. In this study, the combined application of entomopathoge...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/5/456 |
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| author | Sehrish Gulzar Waqas Wakil David I. Shapiro-Ilan |
| author_facet | Sehrish Gulzar Waqas Wakil David I. Shapiro-Ilan |
| author_sort | Sehrish Gulzar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Onion thrips, <i>Thrips tabaci</i> Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is one of the most damaging insect pests of onions, <i>Allium cepa</i> L., which is an economically important agricultural crop cultivated worldwide. In this study, the combined application of entomopathogenic nematodes with entomopathogenic fungi against different soil dwelling stages of <i>T. tabaci</i> was evaluated. The nematodes included <i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i> (VS strain) and <i>Steinernema feltiae</i> (SN strain), and fungi included <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> (WG-11) and <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> (WG-02); all four paired combinations (nematode + fungus) were included. In a small cup bioassay, only the combined application of <i>H. bacteriophora</i> and <i>B. bassiana</i> (WG-11) caused a synergistic interaction against pre-pupae, while all other combinations were compatible in an additive manner against pupae and late second instars. In a larger arena, a potted soil bioassay, again, combined applications of both pathogens produced greater mortality compared to single applications of each pathogen; all the combinations exhibited additive interactions, with the highest mortality observed in pre-pupae, followed by pupae and late second instar larvae using <i>H. bacteriophora</i> and <i>B. bassiana</i> (WG-11). Additionally, in the potted plant bioassay, lower adult emergence was observed from treated groups compared to control groups. Under field conditions, lower numbers of adults and larvae were found in treated groups relative to controls. Overall, the pre-pupal stage was more susceptible to the pathogen treatments, followed by pupae and late second instar larvae, and also combined applications of both pathogens suppressed the adult population. Combined application of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi could be used for integrated pest management (IPM) of <i>T. tabaci</i> in onion production systems. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:21:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-2dab5ecccb914151bc301e125b1ffc1a2023-11-21T19:57:21ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502021-05-0112545610.3390/insects12050456Combined Effect of Entomopathogens against <i>Thrips tabaci</i> Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): Laboratory, Greenhouse and Field TrialsSehrish Gulzar0Waqas Wakil1David I. Shapiro-Ilan2Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanDepartment of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanSE Fruit & Tree Nut Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Byron, GA 31008, USAOnion thrips, <i>Thrips tabaci</i> Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is one of the most damaging insect pests of onions, <i>Allium cepa</i> L., which is an economically important agricultural crop cultivated worldwide. In this study, the combined application of entomopathogenic nematodes with entomopathogenic fungi against different soil dwelling stages of <i>T. tabaci</i> was evaluated. The nematodes included <i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i> (VS strain) and <i>Steinernema feltiae</i> (SN strain), and fungi included <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> (WG-11) and <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> (WG-02); all four paired combinations (nematode + fungus) were included. In a small cup bioassay, only the combined application of <i>H. bacteriophora</i> and <i>B. bassiana</i> (WG-11) caused a synergistic interaction against pre-pupae, while all other combinations were compatible in an additive manner against pupae and late second instars. In a larger arena, a potted soil bioassay, again, combined applications of both pathogens produced greater mortality compared to single applications of each pathogen; all the combinations exhibited additive interactions, with the highest mortality observed in pre-pupae, followed by pupae and late second instar larvae using <i>H. bacteriophora</i> and <i>B. bassiana</i> (WG-11). Additionally, in the potted plant bioassay, lower adult emergence was observed from treated groups compared to control groups. Under field conditions, lower numbers of adults and larvae were found in treated groups relative to controls. Overall, the pre-pupal stage was more susceptible to the pathogen treatments, followed by pupae and late second instar larvae, and also combined applications of both pathogens suppressed the adult population. Combined application of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi could be used for integrated pest management (IPM) of <i>T. tabaci</i> in onion production systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/5/456<i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i><i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i><i>Beauveria bassiana</i><i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i><i>Thrips tabaci</i>combined effects |
| spellingShingle | Sehrish Gulzar Waqas Wakil David I. Shapiro-Ilan Combined Effect of Entomopathogens against <i>Thrips tabaci</i> Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): Laboratory, Greenhouse and Field Trials Insects <i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i> <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i> <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> <i>Thrips tabaci</i> combined effects |
| title | Combined Effect of Entomopathogens against <i>Thrips tabaci</i> Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): Laboratory, Greenhouse and Field Trials |
| title_full | Combined Effect of Entomopathogens against <i>Thrips tabaci</i> Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): Laboratory, Greenhouse and Field Trials |
| title_fullStr | Combined Effect of Entomopathogens against <i>Thrips tabaci</i> Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): Laboratory, Greenhouse and Field Trials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combined Effect of Entomopathogens against <i>Thrips tabaci</i> Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): Laboratory, Greenhouse and Field Trials |
| title_short | Combined Effect of Entomopathogens against <i>Thrips tabaci</i> Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): Laboratory, Greenhouse and Field Trials |
| title_sort | combined effect of entomopathogens against i thrips tabaci i lindeman thysanoptera thripidae laboratory greenhouse and field trials |
| topic | <i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i> <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i> <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> <i>Thrips tabaci</i> combined effects |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/5/456 |
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