A First Attempt to Describe the Real-Time Behavior and Fate of Marine Litter Items in the Nearshore and Foreshore under Low Energetic Marine Conditions
A field assessment was carried out in May 2023 in a natural protected area in South Italy to investigate the real-time behavior and fate of common marine litter items at different depths at the nearshore and foreshore under low energetic conditions. The field data were also compared with theoretical...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/3/409 |
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| author | Giorgio Anfuso Oscar Álvarez Grazia Dilauro Gaetano Sabato Giovanni Scardino Angelo Sozio Angela Rizzo |
| author_facet | Giorgio Anfuso Oscar Álvarez Grazia Dilauro Gaetano Sabato Giovanni Scardino Angelo Sozio Angela Rizzo |
| author_sort | Giorgio Anfuso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A field assessment was carried out in May 2023 in a natural protected area in South Italy to investigate the real-time behavior and fate of common marine litter items at different depths at the nearshore and foreshore under low energetic conditions. The field data were also compared with theoretical values calculated using theoretical formulations considering the Stokes drift current, wind-induced current, and current at breaking position. The wind approached from N to W, with values ranging from 2.4 to 3.8 m/s. The propagated significant wave height ranged from 14 to 21 cm, with an associated period of 3 s. Items with a positive buoyancy recorded different velocities. Very protruding (above water surface) items were greatly affected by windage and recorded velocities from 0.23 to 0.33 m/s; higher than the theoretical values that do not take into account windage. Theoretical values correctly predicted the velocity of other less-protruding items but slightly underestimated the velocity of neutral buoyancy items, evidencing in both cases the low relevance of the Stokes drift current. Items with a negative buoyancy moved (or not) in the bottom with different velocities. Different behaviors were observed at the breaking point, where items surfed (or not) spilling breaking waves, and at the foreshore, where items moved along the plunge step or in a “zig–zag” movement due to a swash–backwash process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:46:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2db8c404135b46d29855390ba0e1a291 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:46:39Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-2db8c404135b46d29855390ba0e1a2912024-02-09T15:24:29ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412024-01-0116340910.3390/w16030409A First Attempt to Describe the Real-Time Behavior and Fate of Marine Litter Items in the Nearshore and Foreshore under Low Energetic Marine ConditionsGiorgio Anfuso0Oscar Álvarez1Grazia Dilauro2Gaetano Sabato3Giovanni Scardino4Angelo Sozio5Angela Rizzo6Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, SpainDepartamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, SpainDipartimento di Bioscenze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, C. da Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Univeristà di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Univeristà di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Univeristà di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Univeristà di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyA field assessment was carried out in May 2023 in a natural protected area in South Italy to investigate the real-time behavior and fate of common marine litter items at different depths at the nearshore and foreshore under low energetic conditions. The field data were also compared with theoretical values calculated using theoretical formulations considering the Stokes drift current, wind-induced current, and current at breaking position. The wind approached from N to W, with values ranging from 2.4 to 3.8 m/s. The propagated significant wave height ranged from 14 to 21 cm, with an associated period of 3 s. Items with a positive buoyancy recorded different velocities. Very protruding (above water surface) items were greatly affected by windage and recorded velocities from 0.23 to 0.33 m/s; higher than the theoretical values that do not take into account windage. Theoretical values correctly predicted the velocity of other less-protruding items but slightly underestimated the velocity of neutral buoyancy items, evidencing in both cases the low relevance of the Stokes drift current. Items with a negative buoyancy moved (or not) in the bottom with different velocities. Different behaviors were observed at the breaking point, where items surfed (or not) spilling breaking waves, and at the foreshore, where items moved along the plunge step or in a “zig–zag” movement due to a swash–backwash process.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/3/409coastal processesbuoyancywindageStokes driftbeach litterApulia region |
| spellingShingle | Giorgio Anfuso Oscar Álvarez Grazia Dilauro Gaetano Sabato Giovanni Scardino Angelo Sozio Angela Rizzo A First Attempt to Describe the Real-Time Behavior and Fate of Marine Litter Items in the Nearshore and Foreshore under Low Energetic Marine Conditions Water coastal processes buoyancy windage Stokes drift beach litter Apulia region |
| title | A First Attempt to Describe the Real-Time Behavior and Fate of Marine Litter Items in the Nearshore and Foreshore under Low Energetic Marine Conditions |
| title_full | A First Attempt to Describe the Real-Time Behavior and Fate of Marine Litter Items in the Nearshore and Foreshore under Low Energetic Marine Conditions |
| title_fullStr | A First Attempt to Describe the Real-Time Behavior and Fate of Marine Litter Items in the Nearshore and Foreshore under Low Energetic Marine Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | A First Attempt to Describe the Real-Time Behavior and Fate of Marine Litter Items in the Nearshore and Foreshore under Low Energetic Marine Conditions |
| title_short | A First Attempt to Describe the Real-Time Behavior and Fate of Marine Litter Items in the Nearshore and Foreshore under Low Energetic Marine Conditions |
| title_sort | first attempt to describe the real time behavior and fate of marine litter items in the nearshore and foreshore under low energetic marine conditions |
| topic | coastal processes buoyancy windage Stokes drift beach litter Apulia region |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/3/409 |
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