The Accuracy of CT Scanning in the Assessment of the Internal and External Qualitative Features of Wood Logs
The qualitative evaluation of harvested raw logs and sawlogs is mainly based on the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the visible macroscopic features of the wood. Modern methods allow for the analysis of whole logs by means of computed tomography. These devices can analyze the internal qua...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8505 |
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| author | Miloš Gejdoš Tomáš Gergeľ Katarína Michajlová Tomáš Bucha Radovan Gracovský |
| author_facet | Miloš Gejdoš Tomáš Gergeľ Katarína Michajlová Tomáš Bucha Radovan Gracovský |
| author_sort | Miloš Gejdoš |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The qualitative evaluation of harvested raw logs and sawlogs is mainly based on the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the visible macroscopic features of the wood. Modern methods allow for the analysis of whole logs by means of computed tomography. These devices can analyze the internal qualitative features of wood that are not visible on the external structures of the logs. The aim of this work was to evaluate the detection accuracy of a CT-scanning device intended for scanning logs on the internal qualitative features of wood using model trunks. Two logs of beech and oak with a length of 4 m were selected for the analysis, based on availability. Qualitative features were identified through computed tomography scanning, visually identified on cut sections, and then manually measured in accordance with applicable legislation. Relatively good agreement was demonstrated for the detected features in terms of identifying their location (dimension in millimeters from the end of the log). For this parameter, the average differences were 0.90% on the beech log and only 1.21% on the oak log. Relatively high accuracy was shown via CT detection of qualitative features in the beech section (with average differences in dimensions of only 3.5%). In the case of the oak log, the dimensions of the quality features were significantly overestimated. These results indicate that CT scanning technology may have a problem with some hardwood species. It was primarily developed for coniferous tree species, and software algorithms are, therefore, not yet fully adapted to the precise detection of the dimensions of individual quality features. Despite the detected differences, it was confirmed that the CT technology of scanning harvested wood can have a fundamental impact on optimization procedures in the recovery and processing of wood. Renting a scanning line for a certain capacity of wood volume appears to be a deployment option for forestry operations and smaller wood processing operations. Thus, this technology can become an important factor in improving the economic evaluation of the final production of wood. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:54:29Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:54:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-2db99794de274f1c93a88389a1ca782d2023-11-19T18:03:56ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-10-012320850510.3390/s23208505The Accuracy of CT Scanning in the Assessment of the Internal and External Qualitative Features of Wood LogsMiloš Gejdoš0Tomáš Gergeľ1Katarína Michajlová2Tomáš Bucha3Radovan Gracovský4Department of Forest Harvesting, Logistics and Ameliorations, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, SlovakiaNational Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute, T. G. Masaryka 22, 960 01 Zvolen, SlovakiaDepartment of Forest Harvesting, Logistics and Ameliorations, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, SlovakiaNational Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute, T. G. Masaryka 22, 960 01 Zvolen, SlovakiaNational Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute, T. G. Masaryka 22, 960 01 Zvolen, SlovakiaThe qualitative evaluation of harvested raw logs and sawlogs is mainly based on the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the visible macroscopic features of the wood. Modern methods allow for the analysis of whole logs by means of computed tomography. These devices can analyze the internal qualitative features of wood that are not visible on the external structures of the logs. The aim of this work was to evaluate the detection accuracy of a CT-scanning device intended for scanning logs on the internal qualitative features of wood using model trunks. Two logs of beech and oak with a length of 4 m were selected for the analysis, based on availability. Qualitative features were identified through computed tomography scanning, visually identified on cut sections, and then manually measured in accordance with applicable legislation. Relatively good agreement was demonstrated for the detected features in terms of identifying their location (dimension in millimeters from the end of the log). For this parameter, the average differences were 0.90% on the beech log and only 1.21% on the oak log. Relatively high accuracy was shown via CT detection of qualitative features in the beech section (with average differences in dimensions of only 3.5%). In the case of the oak log, the dimensions of the quality features were significantly overestimated. These results indicate that CT scanning technology may have a problem with some hardwood species. It was primarily developed for coniferous tree species, and software algorithms are, therefore, not yet fully adapted to the precise detection of the dimensions of individual quality features. Despite the detected differences, it was confirmed that the CT technology of scanning harvested wood can have a fundamental impact on optimization procedures in the recovery and processing of wood. Renting a scanning line for a certain capacity of wood volume appears to be a deployment option for forestry operations and smaller wood processing operations. Thus, this technology can become an important factor in improving the economic evaluation of the final production of wood.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8505CT-scannerqualitative features of woodqualitative evaluationquality determinationraw-wood assortments |
| spellingShingle | Miloš Gejdoš Tomáš Gergeľ Katarína Michajlová Tomáš Bucha Radovan Gracovský The Accuracy of CT Scanning in the Assessment of the Internal and External Qualitative Features of Wood Logs Sensors CT-scanner qualitative features of wood qualitative evaluation quality determination raw-wood assortments |
| title | The Accuracy of CT Scanning in the Assessment of the Internal and External Qualitative Features of Wood Logs |
| title_full | The Accuracy of CT Scanning in the Assessment of the Internal and External Qualitative Features of Wood Logs |
| title_fullStr | The Accuracy of CT Scanning in the Assessment of the Internal and External Qualitative Features of Wood Logs |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Accuracy of CT Scanning in the Assessment of the Internal and External Qualitative Features of Wood Logs |
| title_short | The Accuracy of CT Scanning in the Assessment of the Internal and External Qualitative Features of Wood Logs |
| title_sort | accuracy of ct scanning in the assessment of the internal and external qualitative features of wood logs |
| topic | CT-scanner qualitative features of wood qualitative evaluation quality determination raw-wood assortments |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8505 |
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