Zinc Deficiency‐Like Syndrome in Fleckvieh Calves: Clinical and Pathological Findings and Differentiation from Bovine Hereditary Zinc Deficiency
Background Zinc deficiency‐like (ZDL) syndrome is an inherited defect of Fleckvieh calves, with striking similarity to bovine hereditary zinc deficiency (BHZD). However, the causative mutation in a phospholipase D4 encoding gene (PLD4) shows no connection to zinc metabolism. Objectives To describe c...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2018-03-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15040 |
| _version_ | 1819199412172226560 |
|---|---|
| author | M.C. Langenmayer S. Jung M. Majzoub‐Altweck F.M. Trefz C. Seifert G. Knubben‐Schweizer R. Fries W. Hermanns N.S. Gollnick |
| author_facet | M.C. Langenmayer S. Jung M. Majzoub‐Altweck F.M. Trefz C. Seifert G. Knubben‐Schweizer R. Fries W. Hermanns N.S. Gollnick |
| author_sort | M.C. Langenmayer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Zinc deficiency‐like (ZDL) syndrome is an inherited defect of Fleckvieh calves, with striking similarity to bovine hereditary zinc deficiency (BHZD). However, the causative mutation in a phospholipase D4 encoding gene (PLD4) shows no connection to zinc metabolism. Objectives To describe clinical signs, laboratory variables, and pathological findings of ZDL syndrome and their utility to differentiate ZDL from BHZD and infectious diseases with similar phenotype. Animals Nine hospitalized calves with crusting dermatitis and confirmed mutation in PLD4 and medical records from 25 calves with crusting dermatitis or suspected zinc deficiency. Methods Prospective and retrospective case series. Results The 9 calves (age: 5–53 weeks) displayed a moderate to severe crusting dermatitis mainly on the head, ventrum, and joints. Respiratory and digestive tract inflammations were frequently observed. Zinc supplementation did not lead to remission of clinical signs in 4 calves. Laboratory variables revealed slight anemia in 8 calves, hypoalbuminemia in 6 calves, but reduced serum zinc concentrations in only 3 calves. Mucosal erosions/ulcerations were present in 7 calves and thymus atrophy or reduced thymic weights in 8 calves. Histologically, skin lesions were indistinguishable from BHZD. Retrospective analysis of medical records revealed the presence of this phenotype since 1988 and pedigree analysis revealed a common ancestor of several affected calves. Conclusions and Clinical Importance ZDL syndrome should be suspected in Fleckvieh calves with crusting dermatitis together with diarrhea or respiratory tract inflammations without response to oral zinc supplementation. Definite diagnosis requires molecular genetic confirmation of the PLD4 mutation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T03:15:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2dcb729ff25b4cf3b64cad1840061a7a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0891-6640 1939-1676 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T03:15:55Z |
| publishDate | 2018-03-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-2dcb729ff25b4cf3b64cad1840061a7a2022-12-21T18:02:06ZengWileyJournal of Veterinary Internal Medicine0891-66401939-16762018-03-0132285385910.1111/jvim.15040Zinc Deficiency‐Like Syndrome in Fleckvieh Calves: Clinical and Pathological Findings and Differentiation from Bovine Hereditary Zinc DeficiencyM.C. Langenmayer0S. Jung1M. Majzoub‐Altweck2F.M. Trefz3C. Seifert4G. Knubben‐Schweizer5R. Fries6W. Hermanns7N.S. Gollnick8Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU MunichMunich GermanyChair of Animal Breeding, Technische Universität MünchenFreising‐Weihenstephan GermanyInstitute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU MunichMunich GermanyClinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU MunichOberschleißheim GermanyClinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU MunichOberschleißheim GermanyClinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU MunichOberschleißheim GermanyChair of Animal Breeding, Technische Universität MünchenFreising‐Weihenstephan GermanyInstitute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU MunichMunich GermanyClinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU MunichOberschleißheim GermanyBackground Zinc deficiency‐like (ZDL) syndrome is an inherited defect of Fleckvieh calves, with striking similarity to bovine hereditary zinc deficiency (BHZD). However, the causative mutation in a phospholipase D4 encoding gene (PLD4) shows no connection to zinc metabolism. Objectives To describe clinical signs, laboratory variables, and pathological findings of ZDL syndrome and their utility to differentiate ZDL from BHZD and infectious diseases with similar phenotype. Animals Nine hospitalized calves with crusting dermatitis and confirmed mutation in PLD4 and medical records from 25 calves with crusting dermatitis or suspected zinc deficiency. Methods Prospective and retrospective case series. Results The 9 calves (age: 5–53 weeks) displayed a moderate to severe crusting dermatitis mainly on the head, ventrum, and joints. Respiratory and digestive tract inflammations were frequently observed. Zinc supplementation did not lead to remission of clinical signs in 4 calves. Laboratory variables revealed slight anemia in 8 calves, hypoalbuminemia in 6 calves, but reduced serum zinc concentrations in only 3 calves. Mucosal erosions/ulcerations were present in 7 calves and thymus atrophy or reduced thymic weights in 8 calves. Histologically, skin lesions were indistinguishable from BHZD. Retrospective analysis of medical records revealed the presence of this phenotype since 1988 and pedigree analysis revealed a common ancestor of several affected calves. Conclusions and Clinical Importance ZDL syndrome should be suspected in Fleckvieh calves with crusting dermatitis together with diarrhea or respiratory tract inflammations without response to oral zinc supplementation. Definite diagnosis requires molecular genetic confirmation of the PLD4 mutation.https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15040BHZDBovineGenetic defectPLD4ZDL syndrome |
| spellingShingle | M.C. Langenmayer S. Jung M. Majzoub‐Altweck F.M. Trefz C. Seifert G. Knubben‐Schweizer R. Fries W. Hermanns N.S. Gollnick Zinc Deficiency‐Like Syndrome in Fleckvieh Calves: Clinical and Pathological Findings and Differentiation from Bovine Hereditary Zinc Deficiency Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine BHZD Bovine Genetic defect PLD4 ZDL syndrome |
| title | Zinc Deficiency‐Like Syndrome in Fleckvieh Calves: Clinical and Pathological Findings and Differentiation from Bovine Hereditary Zinc Deficiency |
| title_full | Zinc Deficiency‐Like Syndrome in Fleckvieh Calves: Clinical and Pathological Findings and Differentiation from Bovine Hereditary Zinc Deficiency |
| title_fullStr | Zinc Deficiency‐Like Syndrome in Fleckvieh Calves: Clinical and Pathological Findings and Differentiation from Bovine Hereditary Zinc Deficiency |
| title_full_unstemmed | Zinc Deficiency‐Like Syndrome in Fleckvieh Calves: Clinical and Pathological Findings and Differentiation from Bovine Hereditary Zinc Deficiency |
| title_short | Zinc Deficiency‐Like Syndrome in Fleckvieh Calves: Clinical and Pathological Findings and Differentiation from Bovine Hereditary Zinc Deficiency |
| title_sort | zinc deficiency like syndrome in fleckvieh calves clinical and pathological findings and differentiation from bovine hereditary zinc deficiency |
| topic | BHZD Bovine Genetic defect PLD4 ZDL syndrome |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15040 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mclangenmayer zincdeficiencylikesyndromeinfleckviehcalvesclinicalandpathologicalfindingsanddifferentiationfrombovinehereditaryzincdeficiency AT sjung zincdeficiencylikesyndromeinfleckviehcalvesclinicalandpathologicalfindingsanddifferentiationfrombovinehereditaryzincdeficiency AT mmajzoubaltweck zincdeficiencylikesyndromeinfleckviehcalvesclinicalandpathologicalfindingsanddifferentiationfrombovinehereditaryzincdeficiency AT fmtrefz zincdeficiencylikesyndromeinfleckviehcalvesclinicalandpathologicalfindingsanddifferentiationfrombovinehereditaryzincdeficiency AT cseifert zincdeficiencylikesyndromeinfleckviehcalvesclinicalandpathologicalfindingsanddifferentiationfrombovinehereditaryzincdeficiency AT gknubbenschweizer zincdeficiencylikesyndromeinfleckviehcalvesclinicalandpathologicalfindingsanddifferentiationfrombovinehereditaryzincdeficiency AT rfries zincdeficiencylikesyndromeinfleckviehcalvesclinicalandpathologicalfindingsanddifferentiationfrombovinehereditaryzincdeficiency AT whermanns zincdeficiencylikesyndromeinfleckviehcalvesclinicalandpathologicalfindingsanddifferentiationfrombovinehereditaryzincdeficiency AT nsgollnick zincdeficiencylikesyndromeinfleckviehcalvesclinicalandpathologicalfindingsanddifferentiationfrombovinehereditaryzincdeficiency |