Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of <i>Campylobacter</i> Species with Particular Focus on the Growth Promoting, Immunostimulant and Anti-<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> Activities of Eugenol and Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Mixture in Broiler Chickens
<i>Campylobacter</i> species (spp.) are one of the most important causes of human bacterial gastroenteritis in foods of animal origin. Recently, with the spread of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) <i>Campylobacter</i> spp., natural alternative t...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/7/905 |
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| author | Ahmed Aljazzar Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid Rania M. S. El-Malt Waleed Rizk El-Gharreb Sherief M. Abdel-Raheem Abdelazim M. Ibrahim Adel M. Abdelaziz Doaa Ibrahim |
| author_facet | Ahmed Aljazzar Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid Rania M. S. El-Malt Waleed Rizk El-Gharreb Sherief M. Abdel-Raheem Abdelazim M. Ibrahim Adel M. Abdelaziz Doaa Ibrahim |
| author_sort | Ahmed Aljazzar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Campylobacter</i> species (spp.) are one of the most important causes of human bacterial gastroenteritis in foods of animal origin. Recently, with the spread of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) <i>Campylobacter</i> spp., natural alternative therapeutic methods are urgently required. Phytogenic active principles have gained considerable attention due to their proficiency to enhance gut health and, thereby, performance of broiler chickens. Thus, the current study aims to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. of different chicken sources in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, and to assess the growth-promoting, immunostimulant and antimicrobial effects of a mixture of eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde in an in vivo approach. A total of 101 (67.3%) campylobacter isolates was identified, according to both phenotypic and genotypic techniques. Moreover, all of the campylobacter isolates were resistant to erythromycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin (100% each). Of note, a dietary supplementation of the mixture of eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde led to a significant improvement of the feed conversion ratio and body weight gain and a decrease in the cecal <i>C. jejuni</i> loads in the broilers challenged with XDR <i>C. jejuni</i>. Additionally, eugenol and the trans-cinnamaldehyde mixture had protective activities via the down-regulation of XDR <i>C. jejuni</i> (<i>flaA</i>, <i>virB11</i> and <i>wlaN</i>) virulence genes and proinflammatory cytokines (<i>TNF-α</i>, <i>IL</i>-2, <i>IL-6</i>, and <i>IL-8</i>), and the up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine <i>IL-10</i>. Thus, we recommend the usage of a mixture of eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde as an alternative to antimicrobials for the control and treatment of campylobacter infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:10:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2dd3ff86a65747cfadcf2b1864833f75 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:10:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-2dd3ff86a65747cfadcf2b1864833f752023-11-30T22:52:01ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-04-0112790510.3390/ani12070905Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of <i>Campylobacter</i> Species with Particular Focus on the Growth Promoting, Immunostimulant and Anti-<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> Activities of Eugenol and Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Mixture in Broiler ChickensAhmed Aljazzar0Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid1Rania M. S. El-Malt2Waleed Rizk El-Gharreb3Sherief M. Abdel-Raheem4Abdelazim M. Ibrahim5Adel M. Abdelaziz6Doaa Ibrahim7Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptDepartment of Bacteriology, Zagazig Branch, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Zagazig 44516, EgyptDepartment of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Veterinary Educational Hospital, Zagazig 44511, EgyptDepartment of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt<i>Campylobacter</i> species (spp.) are one of the most important causes of human bacterial gastroenteritis in foods of animal origin. Recently, with the spread of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) <i>Campylobacter</i> spp., natural alternative therapeutic methods are urgently required. Phytogenic active principles have gained considerable attention due to their proficiency to enhance gut health and, thereby, performance of broiler chickens. Thus, the current study aims to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. of different chicken sources in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, and to assess the growth-promoting, immunostimulant and antimicrobial effects of a mixture of eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde in an in vivo approach. A total of 101 (67.3%) campylobacter isolates was identified, according to both phenotypic and genotypic techniques. Moreover, all of the campylobacter isolates were resistant to erythromycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin (100% each). Of note, a dietary supplementation of the mixture of eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde led to a significant improvement of the feed conversion ratio and body weight gain and a decrease in the cecal <i>C. jejuni</i> loads in the broilers challenged with XDR <i>C. jejuni</i>. Additionally, eugenol and the trans-cinnamaldehyde mixture had protective activities via the down-regulation of XDR <i>C. jejuni</i> (<i>flaA</i>, <i>virB11</i> and <i>wlaN</i>) virulence genes and proinflammatory cytokines (<i>TNF-α</i>, <i>IL</i>-2, <i>IL-6</i>, and <i>IL-8</i>), and the up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine <i>IL-10</i>. Thus, we recommend the usage of a mixture of eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde as an alternative to antimicrobials for the control and treatment of campylobacter infections.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/7/905eugenoltrans-cinnamaldehydeXDRcampylobactergrowth performancebroiler chickens |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed Aljazzar Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid Rania M. S. El-Malt Waleed Rizk El-Gharreb Sherief M. Abdel-Raheem Abdelazim M. Ibrahim Adel M. Abdelaziz Doaa Ibrahim Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of <i>Campylobacter</i> Species with Particular Focus on the Growth Promoting, Immunostimulant and Anti-<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> Activities of Eugenol and Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Mixture in Broiler Chickens Animals eugenol trans-cinnamaldehyde XDR campylobacter growth performance broiler chickens |
| title | Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of <i>Campylobacter</i> Species with Particular Focus on the Growth Promoting, Immunostimulant and Anti-<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> Activities of Eugenol and Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Mixture in Broiler Chickens |
| title_full | Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of <i>Campylobacter</i> Species with Particular Focus on the Growth Promoting, Immunostimulant and Anti-<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> Activities of Eugenol and Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Mixture in Broiler Chickens |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of <i>Campylobacter</i> Species with Particular Focus on the Growth Promoting, Immunostimulant and Anti-<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> Activities of Eugenol and Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Mixture in Broiler Chickens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of <i>Campylobacter</i> Species with Particular Focus on the Growth Promoting, Immunostimulant and Anti-<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> Activities of Eugenol and Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Mixture in Broiler Chickens |
| title_short | Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of <i>Campylobacter</i> Species with Particular Focus on the Growth Promoting, Immunostimulant and Anti-<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> Activities of Eugenol and Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Mixture in Broiler Chickens |
| title_sort | prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of i campylobacter i species with particular focus on the growth promoting immunostimulant and anti i campylobacter jejuni i activities of eugenol and trans cinnamaldehyde mixture in broiler chickens |
| topic | eugenol trans-cinnamaldehyde XDR campylobacter growth performance broiler chickens |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/7/905 |
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