<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Strains Isolated from Raw Poultry Meat in the Shahrekord Region, Iran: Frequency and Molecular Characteristics
Even though <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) is a serious pathogen, its origin is unknown. Poultry (chicken, turkey, quail, goose, and ostrich) is consumed as a regular protein source by many people across the world; therefore, sanitary ways of delivering poultry...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/5/1006 |
| _version_ | 1797600007657881600 |
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| author | Sepehr Asadi Ebrahim Rahimi Amir Shakerian |
| author_facet | Sepehr Asadi Ebrahim Rahimi Amir Shakerian |
| author_sort | Sepehr Asadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Even though <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) is a serious pathogen, its origin is unknown. Poultry (chicken, turkey, quail, goose, and ostrich) is consumed as a regular protein source by many people across the world; therefore, sanitary ways of delivering poultry for food are important for global health. As a result, the distribution of the virulence genes <i>cagA</i>, <i>vacA</i>, <i>babA2</i>, <i>oipA</i>, and <i>iceA</i> in <i>H. pylori</i> isolates in poultry meat, as well as their antibacterial resistance, was investigated. A Wilkins Chalgren anaerobic bacterial medium was used to cultivate 320 samples of raw poultry meat. Disk diffusion and multiplex-PCR were used to investigate both antimicrobial resistance and genotyping patterns. <i>H. pylori</i> was found in 20 of 320 (6.25 %) raw chicken meat samples. The highest incidence of <i>H. pylori</i> was found in chicken raw meat (15%), whereas no isolate was recovered from goose or quail raw meat (0.00%). Resistance to ampicillin (85%), tetracycline (85%), and amoxicillin (75%) were the most commonly detected in the tested <i>H. pylori</i> isolates. The percentage of <i>H. pylori</i> isolates with a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index value of more than 0.2 was 17/20 (85%). The most prevalent genotypes detected were <i>VacA</i> (75%), <i>m1a</i> (75%), <i>s2</i> (70%) and <i>m2</i> (65%), and <i>cagA</i> (60%). The most typically detected genotype patterns were <i>s1am1a</i> (45 %), <i>s2m1a</i> (45 %), and <i>s2 m2</i> (30%). <i>babA2</i>, <i>oipA</i>+, and <i>oipA</i>- genotypes were found in 40%, 30%, and 30% of the population, respectively. In summary, fresh poultry meat was polluted by <i>H. pylori</i>, with the <i>babA2</i>, <i>vacA</i>, and <i>cagA</i> genotypes being more prevalent. The simultaneous occurrence of <i>vacA</i>, <i>cagA</i>, <i>iceA</i>, <i>oipA</i>, and <i>babA2</i> genotypes in antibiotic-resistant <i>H. pylori</i> bacteria raises a serious public health concern regarding the consumption of raw poultry. Future research should evaluate antimicrobial resistance among <i>H. pylori</i> isolates in Iran. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:42:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2ddc5c53d74d4c2b8c4d861fbfd71ce2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:42:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj.art-2ddc5c53d74d4c2b8c4d861fbfd71ce22023-11-18T01:29:10ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252023-04-01145100610.3390/genes14051006<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Strains Isolated from Raw Poultry Meat in the Shahrekord Region, Iran: Frequency and Molecular CharacteristicsSepehr Asadi0Ebrahim Rahimi1Amir Shakerian2Department of Food Hygiene, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord P.O. Box 166, IranDepartment of Food Hygiene, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord P.O. Box 166, IranResearch Center of Nutrition and Organic Products, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord P.O. Box 166, IranEven though <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) is a serious pathogen, its origin is unknown. Poultry (chicken, turkey, quail, goose, and ostrich) is consumed as a regular protein source by many people across the world; therefore, sanitary ways of delivering poultry for food are important for global health. As a result, the distribution of the virulence genes <i>cagA</i>, <i>vacA</i>, <i>babA2</i>, <i>oipA</i>, and <i>iceA</i> in <i>H. pylori</i> isolates in poultry meat, as well as their antibacterial resistance, was investigated. A Wilkins Chalgren anaerobic bacterial medium was used to cultivate 320 samples of raw poultry meat. Disk diffusion and multiplex-PCR were used to investigate both antimicrobial resistance and genotyping patterns. <i>H. pylori</i> was found in 20 of 320 (6.25 %) raw chicken meat samples. The highest incidence of <i>H. pylori</i> was found in chicken raw meat (15%), whereas no isolate was recovered from goose or quail raw meat (0.00%). Resistance to ampicillin (85%), tetracycline (85%), and amoxicillin (75%) were the most commonly detected in the tested <i>H. pylori</i> isolates. The percentage of <i>H. pylori</i> isolates with a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index value of more than 0.2 was 17/20 (85%). The most prevalent genotypes detected were <i>VacA</i> (75%), <i>m1a</i> (75%), <i>s2</i> (70%) and <i>m2</i> (65%), and <i>cagA</i> (60%). The most typically detected genotype patterns were <i>s1am1a</i> (45 %), <i>s2m1a</i> (45 %), and <i>s2 m2</i> (30%). <i>babA2</i>, <i>oipA</i>+, and <i>oipA</i>- genotypes were found in 40%, 30%, and 30% of the population, respectively. In summary, fresh poultry meat was polluted by <i>H. pylori</i>, with the <i>babA2</i>, <i>vacA</i>, and <i>cagA</i> genotypes being more prevalent. The simultaneous occurrence of <i>vacA</i>, <i>cagA</i>, <i>iceA</i>, <i>oipA</i>, and <i>babA2</i> genotypes in antibiotic-resistant <i>H. pylori</i> bacteria raises a serious public health concern regarding the consumption of raw poultry. Future research should evaluate antimicrobial resistance among <i>H. pylori</i> isolates in Iran.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/5/1006<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>raw poultry fleshantibiotic resistancegenotyping |
| spellingShingle | Sepehr Asadi Ebrahim Rahimi Amir Shakerian <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Strains Isolated from Raw Poultry Meat in the Shahrekord Region, Iran: Frequency and Molecular Characteristics Genes <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> raw poultry flesh antibiotic resistance genotyping |
| title | <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Strains Isolated from Raw Poultry Meat in the Shahrekord Region, Iran: Frequency and Molecular Characteristics |
| title_full | <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Strains Isolated from Raw Poultry Meat in the Shahrekord Region, Iran: Frequency and Molecular Characteristics |
| title_fullStr | <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Strains Isolated from Raw Poultry Meat in the Shahrekord Region, Iran: Frequency and Molecular Characteristics |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Strains Isolated from Raw Poultry Meat in the Shahrekord Region, Iran: Frequency and Molecular Characteristics |
| title_short | <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Strains Isolated from Raw Poultry Meat in the Shahrekord Region, Iran: Frequency and Molecular Characteristics |
| title_sort | i helicobacter pylori i strains isolated from raw poultry meat in the shahrekord region iran frequency and molecular characteristics |
| topic | <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> raw poultry flesh antibiotic resistance genotyping |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/5/1006 |
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