| Summary: | (1) Background: <i>Candida</i> is a genus of yeasts with notable pathogenicity and significant ability to develop antimicrobial resistance. <i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L., a medicinal plant that is traditionally used due to its antimicrobial properties, has demonstrated significant antifungal activity. Therefore, this study investigated the chemical composition and anti-<i>Candida</i> effects of aqueous (AELG) and hydroethanolic (HELG) extracts obtained from the leaves of this plant. (2) Methods: The extracts were chemically characterized by UPLC–QTOF-MS/MS, and their anti-<i>Candida</i> activities were investigated by analyzing cell viability, biofilm production, morphological transition, and enhancement of antifungal resistance. (3) Results: The UPLC–QTOF-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of twenty-one compounds in both AELG and HELG, highlighting the predominance of flavonoids. The combination of the extracts with fluconazole significantly reduced its IC<sub>50</sub> values against <i>Candida albicans</i> INCQS 40006, <i>Candida tropicalis</i> INCQS 40042, and <i>C. tropicalis</i> URM 4262 strains, indicating enhanced antifungal activity. About biofilm production, significant inhibition was observed only for the AELG-treated <i>C. tropicalis</i> URM 4262 strain in comparison with the untreated control. Accordingly, this extract showed more significant inhibitory effects on the morphological transition of the INCQS 40006 and URM 4387 strains of <i>C. albicans</i> (4) Conclusions: <i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L. presents promising antifungal effects, that may be potentially linked to the combined activity of chemical constituents identified in its extracts.
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