Caribbean corals in crisis: record thermal stress, bleaching, and mortality in 2005.
BACKGROUND: The rising temperature of the world's oceans has become a major threat to coral reefs globally as the severity and frequency of mass coral bleaching and mortality events increase. In 2005, high ocean temperatures in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean resulted in the most severe ble...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2010-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2981599?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818060419203334144 |
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| author | C Mark Eakin Jessica A Morgan Scott F Heron Tyler B Smith Gang Liu Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip Bart Baca Erich Bartels Carolina Bastidas Claude Bouchon Marilyn Brandt Andrew W Bruckner Lucy Bunkley-Williams Andrew Cameron Billy D Causey Mark Chiappone Tyler R L Christensen M James C Crabbe Owen Day Elena de la Guardia Guillermo Díaz-Pulido Daniel DiResta Diego L Gil-Agudelo David S Gilliam Robert N Ginsburg Shannon Gore Héctor M Guzmán James C Hendee Edwin A Hernández-Delgado Ellen Husain Christopher F G Jeffrey Ross J Jones Eric Jordán-Dahlgren Les S Kaufman David I Kline Philip A Kramer Judith C Lang Diego Lirman Jennie Mallela Carrie Manfrino Jean-Philippe Maréchal Ken Marks Jennifer Mihaly W Jeff Miller Erich M Mueller Erinn M Muller Carlos A Orozco Toro Hazel A Oxenford Daniel Ponce-Taylor Norman Quinn Kim B Ritchie Sebastián Rodríguez Alberto Rodríguez Ramírez Sandra Romano Jameal F Samhouri Juan A Sánchez George P Schmahl Burton V Shank William J Skirving Sascha C C Steiner Estrella Villamizar Sheila M Walsh Cory Walter Ernesto Weil Ernest H Williams Kimberly Woody Roberson Yusri Yusuf |
| author_facet | C Mark Eakin Jessica A Morgan Scott F Heron Tyler B Smith Gang Liu Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip Bart Baca Erich Bartels Carolina Bastidas Claude Bouchon Marilyn Brandt Andrew W Bruckner Lucy Bunkley-Williams Andrew Cameron Billy D Causey Mark Chiappone Tyler R L Christensen M James C Crabbe Owen Day Elena de la Guardia Guillermo Díaz-Pulido Daniel DiResta Diego L Gil-Agudelo David S Gilliam Robert N Ginsburg Shannon Gore Héctor M Guzmán James C Hendee Edwin A Hernández-Delgado Ellen Husain Christopher F G Jeffrey Ross J Jones Eric Jordán-Dahlgren Les S Kaufman David I Kline Philip A Kramer Judith C Lang Diego Lirman Jennie Mallela Carrie Manfrino Jean-Philippe Maréchal Ken Marks Jennifer Mihaly W Jeff Miller Erich M Mueller Erinn M Muller Carlos A Orozco Toro Hazel A Oxenford Daniel Ponce-Taylor Norman Quinn Kim B Ritchie Sebastián Rodríguez Alberto Rodríguez Ramírez Sandra Romano Jameal F Samhouri Juan A Sánchez George P Schmahl Burton V Shank William J Skirving Sascha C C Steiner Estrella Villamizar Sheila M Walsh Cory Walter Ernesto Weil Ernest H Williams Kimberly Woody Roberson Yusri Yusuf |
| author_sort | C Mark Eakin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BACKGROUND: The rising temperature of the world's oceans has become a major threat to coral reefs globally as the severity and frequency of mass coral bleaching and mortality events increase. In 2005, high ocean temperatures in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean resulted in the most severe bleaching event ever recorded in the basin. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Satellite-based tools provided warnings for coral reef managers and scientists, guiding both the timing and location of researchers' field observations as anomalously warm conditions developed and spread across the greater Caribbean region from June to October 2005. Field surveys of bleaching and mortality exceeded prior efforts in detail and extent, and provided a new standard for documenting the effects of bleaching and for testing nowcast and forecast products. Collaborators from 22 countries undertook the most comprehensive documentation of basin-scale bleaching to date and found that over 80% of corals bleached and over 40% died at many sites. The most severe bleaching coincided with waters nearest a western Atlantic warm pool that was centered off the northern end of the Lesser Antilles. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Thermal stress during the 2005 event exceeded any observed from the Caribbean in the prior 20 years, and regionally-averaged temperatures were the warmest in over 150 years. Comparison of satellite data against field surveys demonstrated a significant predictive relationship between accumulated heat stress (measured using NOAA Coral Reef Watch's Degree Heating Weeks) and bleaching intensity. This severe, widespread bleaching and mortality will undoubtedly have long-term consequences for reef ecosystems and suggests a troubled future for tropical marine ecosystems under a warming climate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T13:32:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2dde670706434c92971844427fb12140 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T13:32:07Z |
| publishDate | 2010-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-2dde670706434c92971844427fb121402022-12-22T01:46:55ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032010-01-01511e1396910.1371/journal.pone.0013969Caribbean corals in crisis: record thermal stress, bleaching, and mortality in 2005.C Mark EakinJessica A MorganScott F HeronTyler B SmithGang LiuLorenzo Alvarez-FilipBart BacaErich BartelsCarolina BastidasClaude BouchonMarilyn BrandtAndrew W BrucknerLucy Bunkley-WilliamsAndrew CameronBilly D CauseyMark ChiapponeTyler R L ChristensenM James C CrabbeOwen DayElena de la GuardiaGuillermo Díaz-PulidoDaniel DiRestaDiego L Gil-AgudeloDavid S GilliamRobert N GinsburgShannon GoreHéctor M GuzmánJames C HendeeEdwin A Hernández-DelgadoEllen HusainChristopher F G JeffreyRoss J JonesEric Jordán-DahlgrenLes S KaufmanDavid I KlinePhilip A KramerJudith C LangDiego LirmanJennie MallelaCarrie ManfrinoJean-Philippe MaréchalKen MarksJennifer MihalyW Jeff MillerErich M MuellerErinn M MullerCarlos A Orozco ToroHazel A OxenfordDaniel Ponce-TaylorNorman QuinnKim B RitchieSebastián RodríguezAlberto Rodríguez RamírezSandra RomanoJameal F SamhouriJuan A SánchezGeorge P SchmahlBurton V ShankWilliam J SkirvingSascha C C SteinerEstrella VillamizarSheila M WalshCory WalterErnesto WeilErnest H WilliamsKimberly Woody RobersonYusri YusufBACKGROUND: The rising temperature of the world's oceans has become a major threat to coral reefs globally as the severity and frequency of mass coral bleaching and mortality events increase. In 2005, high ocean temperatures in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean resulted in the most severe bleaching event ever recorded in the basin. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Satellite-based tools provided warnings for coral reef managers and scientists, guiding both the timing and location of researchers' field observations as anomalously warm conditions developed and spread across the greater Caribbean region from June to October 2005. Field surveys of bleaching and mortality exceeded prior efforts in detail and extent, and provided a new standard for documenting the effects of bleaching and for testing nowcast and forecast products. Collaborators from 22 countries undertook the most comprehensive documentation of basin-scale bleaching to date and found that over 80% of corals bleached and over 40% died at many sites. The most severe bleaching coincided with waters nearest a western Atlantic warm pool that was centered off the northern end of the Lesser Antilles. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Thermal stress during the 2005 event exceeded any observed from the Caribbean in the prior 20 years, and regionally-averaged temperatures were the warmest in over 150 years. Comparison of satellite data against field surveys demonstrated a significant predictive relationship between accumulated heat stress (measured using NOAA Coral Reef Watch's Degree Heating Weeks) and bleaching intensity. This severe, widespread bleaching and mortality will undoubtedly have long-term consequences for reef ecosystems and suggests a troubled future for tropical marine ecosystems under a warming climate.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2981599?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | C Mark Eakin Jessica A Morgan Scott F Heron Tyler B Smith Gang Liu Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip Bart Baca Erich Bartels Carolina Bastidas Claude Bouchon Marilyn Brandt Andrew W Bruckner Lucy Bunkley-Williams Andrew Cameron Billy D Causey Mark Chiappone Tyler R L Christensen M James C Crabbe Owen Day Elena de la Guardia Guillermo Díaz-Pulido Daniel DiResta Diego L Gil-Agudelo David S Gilliam Robert N Ginsburg Shannon Gore Héctor M Guzmán James C Hendee Edwin A Hernández-Delgado Ellen Husain Christopher F G Jeffrey Ross J Jones Eric Jordán-Dahlgren Les S Kaufman David I Kline Philip A Kramer Judith C Lang Diego Lirman Jennie Mallela Carrie Manfrino Jean-Philippe Maréchal Ken Marks Jennifer Mihaly W Jeff Miller Erich M Mueller Erinn M Muller Carlos A Orozco Toro Hazel A Oxenford Daniel Ponce-Taylor Norman Quinn Kim B Ritchie Sebastián Rodríguez Alberto Rodríguez Ramírez Sandra Romano Jameal F Samhouri Juan A Sánchez George P Schmahl Burton V Shank William J Skirving Sascha C C Steiner Estrella Villamizar Sheila M Walsh Cory Walter Ernesto Weil Ernest H Williams Kimberly Woody Roberson Yusri Yusuf Caribbean corals in crisis: record thermal stress, bleaching, and mortality in 2005. PLoS ONE |
| title | Caribbean corals in crisis: record thermal stress, bleaching, and mortality in 2005. |
| title_full | Caribbean corals in crisis: record thermal stress, bleaching, and mortality in 2005. |
| title_fullStr | Caribbean corals in crisis: record thermal stress, bleaching, and mortality in 2005. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Caribbean corals in crisis: record thermal stress, bleaching, and mortality in 2005. |
| title_short | Caribbean corals in crisis: record thermal stress, bleaching, and mortality in 2005. |
| title_sort | caribbean corals in crisis record thermal stress bleaching and mortality in 2005 |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2981599?pdf=render |
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