Emerging Treatment Options for Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease
Sarcopenia is characterized by a skeletal muscle disorder with progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and function, and it increases the risk of adverse outcomes with considerable prevalence in patients with chronic liver disease. Sarcopenia in chronic liver disease underlies complicated an...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/3/250 |
| _version_ | 1797540959971442688 |
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| author | Yun Kim |
| author_facet | Yun Kim |
| author_sort | Yun Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sarcopenia is characterized by a skeletal muscle disorder with progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and function, and it increases the risk of adverse outcomes with considerable prevalence in patients with chronic liver disease. Sarcopenia in chronic liver disease underlies complicated and multifactorial mechanisms for pathogenesis, including alterations in protein turnover, hyperammonemia, energy disposal, hormonal changes, and chronic inflammation. The key contribution to sarcopenia in patients with chronic liver diseases can be the hyperammonemia-induced upregulation of myostatin, which causes muscle atrophy via the expression of atrophy-related genes. Several clinical studies on emerging treatment options for sarcopenia have been reported, but only a few have focused on patients with chronic liver diseases, with mostly nutritional and behavioral interventions being carried out. The inhibition of the myostatin-activin receptor signaling pathway and hormonal therapy might be the most promising therapeutic options in combination with an ammonia-lowering approach in sarcopenic patients with chronic liver diseases. This review focuses on current and emerging treatment options for sarcopenia in chronic liver diseases with underlying mechanisms to counteract this condition. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:08:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2de0d9b05fa04845a0197a346f013dca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:08:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj.art-2de0d9b05fa04845a0197a346f013dca2023-11-21T10:55:51ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292021-03-0111325010.3390/life11030250Emerging Treatment Options for Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver DiseaseYun Kim0Hanyang Medicine-Engineering-Bio Collaborative & Comprehensive Center for Drug Development, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, KoreaSarcopenia is characterized by a skeletal muscle disorder with progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and function, and it increases the risk of adverse outcomes with considerable prevalence in patients with chronic liver disease. Sarcopenia in chronic liver disease underlies complicated and multifactorial mechanisms for pathogenesis, including alterations in protein turnover, hyperammonemia, energy disposal, hormonal changes, and chronic inflammation. The key contribution to sarcopenia in patients with chronic liver diseases can be the hyperammonemia-induced upregulation of myostatin, which causes muscle atrophy via the expression of atrophy-related genes. Several clinical studies on emerging treatment options for sarcopenia have been reported, but only a few have focused on patients with chronic liver diseases, with mostly nutritional and behavioral interventions being carried out. The inhibition of the myostatin-activin receptor signaling pathway and hormonal therapy might be the most promising therapeutic options in combination with an ammonia-lowering approach in sarcopenic patients with chronic liver diseases. This review focuses on current and emerging treatment options for sarcopenia in chronic liver diseases with underlying mechanisms to counteract this condition.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/3/250sarcopeniachronic liver diseasemuscle protein turnovercirrhosisnon-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| spellingShingle | Yun Kim Emerging Treatment Options for Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease Life sarcopenia chronic liver disease muscle protein turnover cirrhosis non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| title | Emerging Treatment Options for Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease |
| title_full | Emerging Treatment Options for Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease |
| title_fullStr | Emerging Treatment Options for Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emerging Treatment Options for Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease |
| title_short | Emerging Treatment Options for Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease |
| title_sort | emerging treatment options for sarcopenia in chronic liver disease |
| topic | sarcopenia chronic liver disease muscle protein turnover cirrhosis non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/3/250 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yunkim emergingtreatmentoptionsforsarcopeniainchronicliverdisease |