Hormonal Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Brain in Health and Disease
The developing and adult brain is a target organ for the vast majority of hormones produced by the body, which are able to cross the blood–brain barrier and bind to their specific receptors on neurons and glial cells. Hormones ensure proper communication between the brain and the body by activating...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2937 |
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| author | Katarzyna Głombik Jan Detka Bogusława Budziszewska |
| author_facet | Katarzyna Głombik Jan Detka Bogusława Budziszewska |
| author_sort | Katarzyna Głombik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The developing and adult brain is a target organ for the vast majority of hormones produced by the body, which are able to cross the blood–brain barrier and bind to their specific receptors on neurons and glial cells. Hormones ensure proper communication between the brain and the body by activating adaptive mechanisms necessary to withstand and react to changes in internal and external conditions by regulating neuronal and synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and metabolic activity of the brain. The influence of hormones on energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in the brain has gained much attention since mitochondrial dysfunctions are observed in many different pathological conditions of the central nervous system. Moreover, excess or deficiency of hormones is associated with cell damage and loss of function in mitochondria. This review aims to expound on the impact of hormones (GLP-1, insulin, thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids) on metabolic processes in the brain with special emphasis on oxidative phosphorylation dysregulation, which may contribute to the formation of pathological changes. Since the brain concentrations of sex hormones and neurosteroids decrease with age as well as in neurodegenerative diseases, in parallel with the occurrence of mitochondrial dysfunction and the weakening of cognitive functions, their beneficial effects on oxidative phosphorylation and expression of antioxidant enzymes are also discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:37:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2df42c7232ad44ceb704b18dbdc7cd5b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:37:08Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-2df42c7232ad44ceb704b18dbdc7cd5b2023-11-22T22:48:57ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-10-011011293710.3390/cells10112937Hormonal Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Brain in Health and DiseaseKatarzyna Głombik0Jan Detka1Bogusława Budziszewska2Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, PolandLaboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, PolandLaboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, PolandThe developing and adult brain is a target organ for the vast majority of hormones produced by the body, which are able to cross the blood–brain barrier and bind to their specific receptors on neurons and glial cells. Hormones ensure proper communication between the brain and the body by activating adaptive mechanisms necessary to withstand and react to changes in internal and external conditions by regulating neuronal and synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and metabolic activity of the brain. The influence of hormones on energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in the brain has gained much attention since mitochondrial dysfunctions are observed in many different pathological conditions of the central nervous system. Moreover, excess or deficiency of hormones is associated with cell damage and loss of function in mitochondria. This review aims to expound on the impact of hormones (GLP-1, insulin, thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids) on metabolic processes in the brain with special emphasis on oxidative phosphorylation dysregulation, which may contribute to the formation of pathological changes. Since the brain concentrations of sex hormones and neurosteroids decrease with age as well as in neurodegenerative diseases, in parallel with the occurrence of mitochondrial dysfunction and the weakening of cognitive functions, their beneficial effects on oxidative phosphorylation and expression of antioxidant enzymes are also discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2937mitochondriaoxidative phosphorylationhormonesbrain |
| spellingShingle | Katarzyna Głombik Jan Detka Bogusława Budziszewska Hormonal Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Brain in Health and Disease Cells mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation hormones brain |
| title | Hormonal Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Brain in Health and Disease |
| title_full | Hormonal Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Brain in Health and Disease |
| title_fullStr | Hormonal Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Brain in Health and Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hormonal Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Brain in Health and Disease |
| title_short | Hormonal Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Brain in Health and Disease |
| title_sort | hormonal regulation of oxidative phosphorylation in the brain in health and disease |
| topic | mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation hormones brain |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2937 |
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