Long-term gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation improves the memory function of mice with Alzheimer’s disease
BackgroundThe main manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in patients and animal models is impaired memory function, characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and impairment of gamma oscillations that play an important role in perception and cognitive function. The therapeutic effect of gamma...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2022.980636/full |
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| author | Linyan Wu Linyan Wu Tiantian Cao Tiantian Cao Sinan Li Sinan Li Ye Yuan Ye Yuan Wenlong Zhang Wenlong Zhang Liang Huang Liang Huang Chujie Cai Chujie Cai Liming Fan Liming Fan Long Li Long Li Jingyun Wang Jingyun Wang Tian Liu Tian Liu Jue Wang Jue Wang Jue Wang |
| author_facet | Linyan Wu Linyan Wu Tiantian Cao Tiantian Cao Sinan Li Sinan Li Ye Yuan Ye Yuan Wenlong Zhang Wenlong Zhang Liang Huang Liang Huang Chujie Cai Chujie Cai Liming Fan Liming Fan Long Li Long Li Jingyun Wang Jingyun Wang Tian Liu Tian Liu Jue Wang Jue Wang Jue Wang |
| author_sort | Linyan Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundThe main manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in patients and animal models is impaired memory function, characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and impairment of gamma oscillations that play an important role in perception and cognitive function. The therapeutic effect of gamma band stimulation in AD mouse models has been reported recently. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is an emerging non-invasive intervention method, but at present, researchers have not completely understood the intervention effect of tACS. Thus, the intervention mechanism of tACS has not been fully elucidated, and the course of treatment in clinical selection also lacks theoretical support. Based on this issue, we investigated the effect of gamma frequency (40 Hz) tACS at different durations in a mouse model of AD.Materials and methodsWe placed stimulating electrodes on the skull surface of APP/PS1 and wild-type control mice (n = 30 and n = 5, respectively). Among them, 20 APP/PS1 mice were divided into 4 groups to receive 20 min 40 Hz tACS every day for 1–4 weeks. The other 10 APP/PS1 mice were equally divided into two groups to receive sham treatment and no treatment. No intervention was performed in the wild-type control mice. The short-term memory function of the mice was examined by the Y maze. Aβ levels and microglia in the hippocampus were measured by immunofluorescence. Spontaneous electroencephalogram gamma power was calculated by the average period method, and brain connectivity was examined by cross-frequency coupling.ResultsWe found that the long-term treatment groups (21 and 28 days) had decreased hippocampal Aβ levels, increased electroencephalogram spontaneous gamma power, and ultimately improved short-term memory function. The treatment effect of the short-term treatment group (7 days) was not significant. Moreover, the treatment effect of the 14-day treatment group was weaker than that of the 21-day treatment group.ConclusionThese results suggest that long-term gamma-frequency tACS is more effective in treating AD by reducing Aβ load and improving gamma oscillation than short-term gamma-frequency tACS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:21:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2df7af49080645dba00eaa1e29ac6576 |
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| issn | 1663-4365 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:21:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-2df7af49080645dba00eaa1e29ac65762022-12-22T04:04:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience1663-43652022-09-011410.3389/fnagi.2022.980636980636Long-term gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation improves the memory function of mice with Alzheimer’s diseaseLinyan Wu0Linyan Wu1Tiantian Cao2Tiantian Cao3Sinan Li4Sinan Li5Ye Yuan6Ye Yuan7Wenlong Zhang8Wenlong Zhang9Liang Huang10Liang Huang11Chujie Cai12Chujie Cai13Liming Fan14Liming Fan15Long Li16Long Li17Jingyun Wang18Jingyun Wang19Tian Liu20Tian Liu21Jue Wang22Jue Wang23Jue Wang24The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Neuro-informatics & Rehabilitation Engineering of Ministry of Civil Affairs, Xi’an, ChinaBackgroundThe main manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in patients and animal models is impaired memory function, characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and impairment of gamma oscillations that play an important role in perception and cognitive function. The therapeutic effect of gamma band stimulation in AD mouse models has been reported recently. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is an emerging non-invasive intervention method, but at present, researchers have not completely understood the intervention effect of tACS. Thus, the intervention mechanism of tACS has not been fully elucidated, and the course of treatment in clinical selection also lacks theoretical support. Based on this issue, we investigated the effect of gamma frequency (40 Hz) tACS at different durations in a mouse model of AD.Materials and methodsWe placed stimulating electrodes on the skull surface of APP/PS1 and wild-type control mice (n = 30 and n = 5, respectively). Among them, 20 APP/PS1 mice were divided into 4 groups to receive 20 min 40 Hz tACS every day for 1–4 weeks. The other 10 APP/PS1 mice were equally divided into two groups to receive sham treatment and no treatment. No intervention was performed in the wild-type control mice. The short-term memory function of the mice was examined by the Y maze. Aβ levels and microglia in the hippocampus were measured by immunofluorescence. Spontaneous electroencephalogram gamma power was calculated by the average period method, and brain connectivity was examined by cross-frequency coupling.ResultsWe found that the long-term treatment groups (21 and 28 days) had decreased hippocampal Aβ levels, increased electroencephalogram spontaneous gamma power, and ultimately improved short-term memory function. The treatment effect of the short-term treatment group (7 days) was not significant. Moreover, the treatment effect of the 14-day treatment group was weaker than that of the 21-day treatment group.ConclusionThese results suggest that long-term gamma-frequency tACS is more effective in treating AD by reducing Aβ load and improving gamma oscillation than short-term gamma-frequency tACS.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2022.980636/fullAPP/PS1hippocampustranscranial alternating current stimulationmicrogliabeta-amyloid |
| spellingShingle | Linyan Wu Linyan Wu Tiantian Cao Tiantian Cao Sinan Li Sinan Li Ye Yuan Ye Yuan Wenlong Zhang Wenlong Zhang Liang Huang Liang Huang Chujie Cai Chujie Cai Liming Fan Liming Fan Long Li Long Li Jingyun Wang Jingyun Wang Tian Liu Tian Liu Jue Wang Jue Wang Jue Wang Long-term gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation improves the memory function of mice with Alzheimer’s disease Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience APP/PS1 hippocampus transcranial alternating current stimulation microglia beta-amyloid |
| title | Long-term gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation improves the memory function of mice with Alzheimer’s disease |
| title_full | Long-term gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation improves the memory function of mice with Alzheimer’s disease |
| title_fullStr | Long-term gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation improves the memory function of mice with Alzheimer’s disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-term gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation improves the memory function of mice with Alzheimer’s disease |
| title_short | Long-term gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation improves the memory function of mice with Alzheimer’s disease |
| title_sort | long term gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation improves the memory function of mice with alzheimer s disease |
| topic | APP/PS1 hippocampus transcranial alternating current stimulation microglia beta-amyloid |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2022.980636/full |
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